Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?
What is the reason humans cannot obtain glucose from cellulose?
What is the reason humans cannot obtain glucose from cellulose?
Which of the following represents the general formula for monosaccharides?
Which of the following represents the general formula for monosaccharides?
Which enzyme allows the breakdown of starch to produce glucose?
Which enzyme allows the breakdown of starch to produce glucose?
Signup and view all the answers
How do monosaccharides primarily exist in solution, instead of their linear form?
How do monosaccharides primarily exist in solution, instead of their linear form?
Signup and view all the answers
Why might a human diet still benefit from consuming vegetables?
Why might a human diet still benefit from consuming vegetables?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of bond is formed between two monosaccharides to create a disaccharide?
What type of bond is formed between two monosaccharides to create a disaccharide?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of linkage is formed during the condensation reaction between galactose and α-glucose to form lactose?
What type of linkage is formed during the condensation reaction between galactose and α-glucose to form lactose?
Signup and view all the answers
Which functional groups are common in carbohydrates?
Which functional groups are common in carbohydrates?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main component in the stability of plant cell walls?
What is the main component in the stability of plant cell walls?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of glycosidic linkage is found between two α-glucose molecules?
What type of glycosidic linkage is found between two α-glucose molecules?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the process used to separate two monosaccharides by adding water?
What is the process used to separate two monosaccharides by adding water?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following disaccharides is composed of glucose and fructose?
Which of the following disaccharides is composed of glucose and fructose?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of cellulose in plants?
What is the primary function of cellulose in plants?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of glycosidic linkage is found in cellulose?
What type of glycosidic linkage is found in cellulose?
Signup and view all the answers
Which polysaccharide is primarily used for energy storage in animals?
Which polysaccharide is primarily used for energy storage in animals?
Signup and view all the answers
How do starch and cellulose differ in their glucose linkages?
How do starch and cellulose differ in their glucose linkages?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of glycogen?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of glycogen?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of bond is formed between two monosaccharides?
What type of bond is formed between two monosaccharides?
Signup and view all the answers
Why can humans digest potatoes but not grass?
Why can humans digest potatoes but not grass?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Macromolecules: Carbohydrates
- Macromolecules are large molecules composed of smaller repeating units called monomers linked together by covalent bonds.
- Polymers are long chains of monomers.
Monosaccharides
- Monosaccharides are simple sugars, the monomers of carbohydrates.
- Formula: General formula is (CH2O)n, where n is usually between 3 and 7.
- Key Examples: Glucose, galactose, and fructose.
- Functional Groups: Contain multiple hydroxyl (-OH) groups and one carbonyl (C=O) group, making them soluble in water.
- Ring Structures: Monosaccharides exist in both linear and ring forms, with the ring form being more stable in solution.
Disaccharides
- Disaccharides consist of two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic linkage.
- Formation: Created by dehydration synthesis (removal of water).
-
Types of Glycosidic Linkages:
- α-glycosidic linkage: Found in starch, bond between two α-glucose molecules.
- β-glycosidic linkage: Found in cellulose, bond between two β-glucose molecules.
-
Important Examples:
- Sucrose: Glucose + Fructose
- Maltose: Glucose + Glucose
- Lactose: Glucose + Galactose
Polysaccharides
- Polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharides linked together by glycosidic bonds.
- Formation: Many monosaccharides (~100-1000 or more) joined together.
-
Important Examples:
- Starch: Plant energy storage, composed of amylose (linear) and amylopectin (branched), α-glycosidic linkages.
- Cellulose: Plant structural support, β-glycosidic linkages.
- Glycogen: Animal energy storage, highly branched, α-glycosidic linkages.
-
Differences:
- Structure: Straight chains vs. branched chains.
- Function: Storage vs. structural support.
- Glycosidic Linkages: α vs. β.
Why Can't We Digest Cellulose?
- We lack the enzymes needed to break down the β-glycosidic linkages in cellulose.
- We possess the enzyme amylase to break down the α-glycosidic linkages in starch, allowing us to obtain energy from it.
- Cellulose provides fiber in our diet, supporting digestive health.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers essential topics related to carbohydrates, including their structure and types. It explores monosaccharides, disaccharides, and their chemical properties, focusing on functional groups and glycosidic linkages. Test your knowledge of these fundamental macromolecules and their roles in biology.
