Lymphoma and Lymphocytic Neoplasms Overview

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Questions and Answers

What type of malignancy does lymphoma represent?

Malignant proliferation of epithelial cells

Malignant proliferation of nerve cells

Malignant proliferation of nodal tissues (correct)

Malignant proliferation of muscle cells

Which cells are primarily involved in B cell lymphoma?

Granulocytes

B lymphocytes (correct)

Epithelial cells

Fibroblasts

Where do T lymphocytes primarily originate?

Spleen

Thymus (correct)

Lymph nodes

Bone marrow

Which of the following correctly describes the nature of neoplastic proliferations?

They are typically monomorphic. Signup and view all the answers

What do myeloid neoplasms primarily refer to?

Tumors of granulocytes Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes lymphoma from leukemia?

Lymphoma produces discrete tumor masses. Signup and view all the answers

What type of neoplastic proliferation results when B lymphocytes undergo malignant change?

B cell lymphoma or leukemia Signup and view all the answers

Which type of histological tumor is formed by plasma cells?

Plasma Cell Dyscrasia Signup and view all the answers

Which growth pattern is characteristic of histiocytosis?

Involves histiocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common subtype mentioned that has a very good prognosis?

Nodular sclerosis Signup and view all the answers

In which demographic is lymphocytic predominance most commonly observed?

Young males Signup and view all the answers

Which markers are positive in the classic type discussed?

CD15 and CD30 Signup and view all the answers

Which subtype is commonly associated with HIV patients?

Lymphocytic depletion Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are abundant in most subtypes except nodular sclerosis?

Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells Signup and view all the answers

Which variant is histologically similar to lymphocyte rich with a predominance of reactive lymphocytes?

Lymphocytic predominance Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (SLL)?

Hypogammaglobulinemia Signup and view all the answers

What are tumor cells in SLL primarily composed of?

Small round lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

Which transformation occurs in approximately 10% of SLL cases?

Transformation to Large B Cell Lymphoma Signup and view all the answers

How is Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) differentiated from SLL?

By the degree of peripheral lymphocytosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical WBC count in SLL?

Low Signup and view all the answers

Which chromosome deletions are more consistent in cases of CLL?

Deletions of chromosome 11q, 13q, and 17p Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of autoimmune antibodies in SLL?

They cause Thrombocytopenia and Hemolytic Anemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark of Richter Syndrome?

Transformation to a more aggressive lymphoma Signup and view all the answers

Which lymphocyte count indicates Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)?

<blockquote> 4,000 </blockquote> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the immune deficiency seen in SLL?

Low production of immunoglobulins Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic appearance of Burkitt's Lymphoma?

Starry sky pattern with apoptotic debris Signup and view all the answers

What type of macrophages are seen in Marginal Zone Lymphoma?

Macrophages with abundant white cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical demographic for Mantle Cell Lymphoma?

Predominantly elderly males aged 50-60 Signup and view all the answers

What condition can lead to the development of Marginal Zone Lymphoma?

Chronic inflammation due to conditions like Hashimoto's thyroiditis Signup and view all the answers

Which feature differentiates Mantle Cell Lymphoma from other types of lymphoma?

Generalized painless lymphadenopathy with extranodal spread Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is NOT associated with Marginal Zone Lymphoma?

Persistence after the inciting agent is removed Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lymphoma often shows a continuum from reactive hyperplasia to full lymphoma?

Marginal Zone Lymphoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the appearance of lymphocytes typically seen in Burkitt's Lymphoma?

Homogeneous small lymphocytes without large cells Signup and view all the answers

What kind of debris is typically observed in Burkitt’s Lymphoma?

Apoptotic debris resembling prolymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common symptom of Mantle Cell Lymphoma?

Generalized painless lymphadenopathy Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the aggressiveness of the tumor in Lethal Midline Granuloma?

Extensive necrosis Signup and view all the answers

Which stage is NOT seen in Sezary Syndrome?

Bulging tumoral mass Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic histological feature of Sezary Syndrome?

Same histology as Mycosis Fungoides Signup and view all the answers

How does Sezary Syndrome typically affect the body?

Leads to splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy Signup and view all the answers

What is a misnomer associated with Lethal Midline Granuloma?

Granuloma Signup and view all the answers

What challenge is typically faced when biopsying a tumor characterized by extensive necrosis?

Finding viable tumor cells Signup and view all the answers

Which organ systems can be invaded by Sezary Syndrome?

Other organs Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Mycosis Fungoides from Sezary Syndrome?

Circulation invasion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT associated with Mycosis Fungoides?

Lethal Midline Granuloma Signup and view all the answers

What typifies the lesions formed in Mycosis Fungoides?

Flat lesions that become elevated Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Overview

Malignant proliferation in the lymph node or nodal tissue leads to lymphoma.
Lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system.
Lymphoma is characterized by the malignant proliferation of lymphocytes, which are white blood cells that play a role in the immune system.

Types of Lymphocytic Neoplasms

Lymphoid neoplasms are tumors of lymphocytes.
Lymphocytic neoplasms can be broadly classified into B cell lymphomas, T cell lymphomas, and NK cell lymphomas.
B cell lymphomas originate from B lymphocytes, which are responsible for humoral immunity.
T cell lymphomas originate from T lymphocytes, which are responsible for cell-mediated immunity.
NK cell lymphomas originate from natural killer cells, which are a type of lymphocyte that can kill infected or cancerous cells.

Lymphoid Neoplasms: B-Cell Lymphomas

B cell lymphomas can be further classified based on their morphology and clinical behavior.
Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (SLL) is a slow-growing type of B cell lymphoma that typically affects older adults.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) shares phenotypic, genotypic, and clinical similarities with SLL, but differs in the degree of peripheral lymphocytosis.
Mantle Cell Lymphoma tends to occur in elderly males and presents with generalized painless lymphadenopathy.
Follicular Lymphoma is a common indolent B cell lymphoma that affects both genders.
Marginal Zone Lymphoma is characterized by its chronic inflammatory origin and its ability to regress if the inciting agent is removed.
Burkitt's Lymphoma is a very aggressive B cell lymphoma that typically affects children and young adults.
Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma is a very aggressive type of B cell lymphoma that is characterized by a heterogeneous population of large, atypical B cells.

Lymphoid Neoplasms: T-Cell Lymphomas

T cell lymphomas can be further classified based on their morphology and clinical behavior.
Mycosis Fungoides is a cutaneous lymphoma that affects the skin.
Sezary Syndrome is a variant of Mycosis Fungoides that involves the circulation.
Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma is a highly aggressive lymphoma that affects the lymph nodes and other tissues.
Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma is a heterogeneous group of lymphomas that are typically more aggressive than other types of T cell lymphoma.

Lymphoid Neoplasms: NK Cell Lymphomas

NK cell lymphomas are rare lymphomas that affect the nasopharynx, sinuses, and other tissues.
Lethal Midline Granuloma is a highly aggressive NK cell lymphoma that is characterized by necrosis and tumor cell destruction.
Midline Malignant Reticulosis is another term for Lethal Midline Granuloma.

Lymphocytic Neoplasms: Complications

Hypogammaglobulinemia can occur in SLL, leading to a higher risk of infection.
Hemolytic Anemia and Thrombocytopenia can occur due to autoimmune antibodies produced by non-neoplastic B-cells in SLL.
Richter Syndrome is a more aggressive lymphoma that can develop from SLL.

Lymphoma Histology

Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (SLL) is characterized by a monotonous sea of small lymphocytes in the lymph node.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) displays similar histological features to SLL but often exhibits larger prolymphocytes.
Mantle Cell Lymphoma displays a heterogeneous population of small lymphocytes and larger cells resembling prolymphocytes or centroblasts.
Follicular Lymphoma is characterized by tumor cells that form follicles in the lymph node.
Marginal Zone Lymphoma displays tumor cells that are typically located in the marginal zone of the lymph node.
Burkitt's Lymphoma is characterized by a starry sky appearance due to the presence of macrophages engulfing apoptotic debris.
Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma displays a heterogeneous population of large, atypical B cells.
Mycosis Fungoides displays tumor cells that form patches, plaques, or tumors in the skin.
Sezary Syndrome displays tumor cells that are circulating in the blood.
Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma displays large, atypical cells with cleaved nuclei.
Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma displays a heterogeneous population of T cells that are often more atypical than those seen in other types of T-cell lymphoma.

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Description

This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of lymphoma, a type of cancer affecting the lymphatic system. It explores the classification of lymphocytic neoplasms, including B cell, T cell, and NK cell lymphomas, along with their specific characteristics and functions. Test your knowledge on this important area of oncology.