30 Questions
Which is the most common world cancer?
Oral squamous cell carcinoma
What are considered high risk sites for oral squamous cell carcinoma?
Lateral surface of the tongue and soft palate
What is the most common cause of oral squamous cell carcinoma in men?
Tobacco use
Apart from the lateral surface of the tongue and soft palate, where else can squamous cell carcinoma arise?
All of the above
Who is considered at increased risk for developing oral squamous cell carcinoma?
Women who use tobacco
What type of epithelium does the surface mucosa arise from?
Stratified squamous epithelium
What is a high-risk site for the appearance of gingival carcinomas?
Lateral tongue
How can squamous cell carcinoma present intravenously?
White lesion
What is the crucial step for the final diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma?
Biopsy
What is the classification of leukemia based on clinical course?
Acute and chronic
What are the signs and symptoms of leukemia related to decreased blood cell counts?
Susceptibility to infection
What oral manifestation can be associated with leukemia?
Diffuse gingival enlargement
What can leukemia cause in the oral cavity?
Diffuse enlargement of the gingiva and hemorrhagic changes
How can leukemia cells affect the jawbones?
Infiltrate jawbones, mimicking periodontal inflammatory lesions
What infections are leukemia patients at an increased risk of developing?
Candidiasis and recurrent herpes infections
How is leukemia diagnosed?
Peripheral blood analysis, bone marrow biopsy, histopathology examination, and immunohistochemical, cytogenetic, and molecular studies
What is the classic presentation for leukemia in the oral cavity?
Diffuse gingival enlargement, which is soft on palpation
Where does Hodgkin's lymphoma almost always begin?
In the lymph nodes, causing persistent non-tender enlargement
What is the most common type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the oral cavity?
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
How are oral lymphoma and leukemia different in terms of presentation?
Oral lymphoma presents as a non-tender swelling, while leukemia presents with tender swelling
How is the diagnosis of oral lymphoma confirmed?
Tissue biopsy and additional pathology work
What can oral lymphoma in the bone cause if left untreated?
Cortical expansion, perforation, and tooth mobility
What are the common locations for diffuse non-tender enlargement in oral lymphoma?
Palate, gingiva, and vestibule
What does the microscopic examination of oral lymphoma reveal?
Atypical lymphocytic cells packed together with minimal cytoplasm and hyperchromatic nuclei
What percentage of cells in the enlarged lymph node are made up of Reed-Sternberg cells in classic Hodgkin's lymphoma?
0.1 to 2%
Which lymph node group is affected in 70-75% of classic Hodgkin's lymphoma cases?
Cervical and clavicle
In which age groups does Hodgkin's lymphoma show a bimodal peak in diagnosis?
Teenagers and young adults (15-35) and older individuals (over 50)
What are the common signs presented by patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma?
Painless enlargement of affected lymph nodes, weight loss, fever, night sweats, and generalized itching
What is crucial for treatment planning and estimating prognosis in Hodgkin's lymphoma?
Staging
Where can non-Hodgkin's lymphoma originate?
Lymph node or extranodal site
Study Notes
Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Key Points
- In classic Hodgkin's lymphoma, atypical neoplastic cells called Reed-Sternberg cells make up only 0.1 to 2% of the cells in the enlarged lymph node.
- Hodgkin's lymphoma can have a strong association with Epstein-Barr virus infection.
- It can affect any lymph node group, with 70-75% of cases affecting the cervical and clavicle lymph nodes, 5-10% affecting the axillary and mediastinal lymph nodes, and less than 5% involving the inguinal or abdominal lymph nodes.
- Hodgkin's lymphoma shows a bimodal peak in age at diagnosis, with one group being teenagers and young adults (15-35) and another being older individuals (over 50), with a male predominance.
- Patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma present with signs such as persistent painless enlargement of affected lymph nodes, weight loss, fever, night sweats, and generalized itching.
- Staging of Hodgkin's lymphoma is crucial for treatment planning and estimating prognosis, with category A having a better prognosis compared to category B where additional symptoms are present.
- Diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma involves history, physical examination, microscopic examination of affected lymph nodes, immunohistochemical studies, and additional imaging studies to determine the extent of spread.
- Treatment for Hodgkin's lymphoma depends on the stage of involvement, with options including radiation therapy or a combination of radiation and chemotherapy.
- Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a malignant lymphoma that can originate in a lymph node or, rarely, in an extranodal site such as the oral cavity.
- In non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, affected lymph nodes show persistent non-tender enlargement, become fused to underlying tissues as the disease progresses, and spread to other lymph node groups and tissues.
- The classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has evolved, and the current US classification takes into consideration microscopic presentation, immunohistochemical analysis, and cytogenetic alterations.
- Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma can affect any age group but is more common in adults, presenting as slowly enlarging, non-tender masses in affected lymph nodes, most commonly in the cervical, axillary, or inguinal lymph nodes.
Test your knowledge about Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma with this informative quiz. Covering key points such as histological characteristics, clinical manifestations, staging, and treatment options, this quiz will help reinforce your understanding of these two types of lymphomas.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
