33 Questions
What is the origin of the quadratus femoris muscle?
Lateral border of the ischial tuberosity
What is the action of the quadratus femoris muscle?
Lateral rotation of the thigh
What is the nerve supply of the quadratus femoris muscle?
Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)
What is the function of the triceps coxae?
Abduction and lateral rotation of the thigh
What is the hip joint surrounded by?
Synovial membrane and external fibrous layer
What is the synovial membrane of the hip joint excluded from?
Areas covered by articular cartilages
What is the origin of the piriformis muscle?
Anterior surface of the 2nd-4th sacral segments
What is the insertion of the superior gemellus muscle?
Medial surface of the greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of the femur
Which muscle is located inferior to the obturator internus and gemelli?
Quadratus femoris
What is the action of the obturator internus muscle?
Abduction and lateral rotation of the thigh
What is the nerve supply of the piriformis muscle?
Branches of the anterior rami of S1 and S2
What is the origin of the superior gemellus muscle?
Ischial spine
What is the shape of the quadratus femoris muscle?
Short and flat
What is the term for the fluid-filled sacs that exist in the hip and knee regions?
Bursae
How should the main muscles of the lower limbs be conceived?
As functional groups in each region with respect to the principal joint movements
What is the name of the spine that is located in the anterior inferior part of the lower limb?
Anterior inferior iliac spine
What is the term for the study of the surface anatomy of the lower limb?
Surface anatomy
What is the function of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) in the knee joint?
Prevents anterior motion of the tibia relative to the femur
During which position is the anterior and posterior drawer test performed?
Lying on the back (supine position)
What is indicated by a positive result in the anterior and posterior drawer test?
A tear in the ligament
What is the purpose of the Lachman test?
To confirm the results of the anterior and posterior drawer test
In which degree of knee flexion is the Lachman test performed?
20-30°
What is the position of the hip during the anterior and posterior drawer test?
Flexed to 45°
What is the action of the examiner during the anterior drawer test?
Applies a sudden firm pull anteriorly
Which ligament is most significant in enabling the windlass mechanism?
Plantar Aponeurosis
What is the result of the failure of the Spring ligament?
Flat foot deformity
What provides dynamic support to the arches of the foot?
Intrinsic foot muscles and long tendons
Which tendons form the Medial longitudinal arch?
FHL and FDL
Which arch is formed by the calcaneus, cuboid, and lateral 2 metatarsals?
Lateral longitudinal arch
What is the function of the Lateral longitudinal arch?
Provides balance in the standing position
Which ligament supports the head of the Talus?
Spring ligament
What is the result of the accentuation of the arch during dorsiflexion?
Windlass mechanism
Which arch is less prominent than the Medial longitudinal arch?
Lateral longitudinal arch
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