Anatomy LE 2: Lower Limbs, Muscles, Fascia, and Joints
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Questions and Answers

What is the origin of the quadratus femoris muscle?

  • Lateral border of the ischial tuberosity (correct)
  • Obturator internus
  • Piriformis muscle
  • Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur

    • What is the action of the quadratus femoris muscle?

  • Lateral rotation of the thigh (correct)
  • Adduction of the thigh
  • Abduction of the thigh
  • Medial rotation of the thigh

    • What is the nerve supply of the quadratus femoris muscle?

  • Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1) (correct)
  • Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4, L5)
  • Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)
  • Nerve to gluteus maximus (L5, S1)

    • What is the function of the triceps coxae?

    <p>Abduction and lateral rotation of the thigh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hip joint surrounded by?

    <p>Synovial membrane and external fibrous layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the synovial membrane of the hip joint excluded from?

    <p>Areas covered by articular cartilages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the piriformis muscle?

    <p>Anterior surface of the 2nd-4th sacral segments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the insertion of the superior gemellus muscle?

    <p>Medial surface of the greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of the femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is located inferior to the obturator internus and gemelli?

    <p>Quadratus femoris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the action of the obturator internus muscle?

    <p>Abduction and lateral rotation of the thigh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nerve supply of the piriformis muscle?

    <p>Branches of the anterior rami of S1 and S2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the superior gemellus muscle?

    <p>Ischial spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the quadratus femoris muscle?

    <p>Short and flat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the fluid-filled sacs that exist in the hip and knee regions?

    <p>Bursae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the main muscles of the lower limbs be conceived?

    <p>As functional groups in each region with respect to the principal joint movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the spine that is located in the anterior inferior part of the lower limb?

    <p>Anterior inferior iliac spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the surface anatomy of the lower limb?

    <p>Surface anatomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) in the knee joint?

    <p>Prevents anterior motion of the tibia relative to the femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which position is the anterior and posterior drawer test performed?

    <p>Lying on the back (supine position)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by a positive result in the anterior and posterior drawer test?

    <p>A tear in the ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Lachman test?

    <p>To confirm the results of the anterior and posterior drawer test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which degree of knee flexion is the Lachman test performed?

    <p>20-30°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the position of the hip during the anterior and posterior drawer test?

    <p>Flexed to 45°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the action of the examiner during the anterior drawer test?

    <p>Applies a sudden firm pull anteriorly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is most significant in enabling the windlass mechanism?

    <p>Plantar Aponeurosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the failure of the Spring ligament?

    <p>Flat foot deformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides dynamic support to the arches of the foot?

    <p>Intrinsic foot muscles and long tendons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tendons form the Medial longitudinal arch?

    <p>FHL and FDL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arch is formed by the calcaneus, cuboid, and lateral 2 metatarsals?

    <p>Lateral longitudinal arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Lateral longitudinal arch?

    <p>Provides balance in the standing position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament supports the head of the Talus?

    <p>Spring ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the accentuation of the arch during dorsiflexion?

    <p>Windlass mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arch is less prominent than the Medial longitudinal arch?

    <p>Lateral longitudinal arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

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