Snell - Anatomy of Upper and Lower Limbs

Questions and Answers

Which bones comprise the os coxae?

Ilium, Ischium, Femur

Ilium, Pubis, Sacrum

Ischium, Sacrum, Pubis

Ilium, Ischium, Pubis (correct)

What is the primary function of the lower limbs?

To stabilize the trunk during arm movement

To facilitate respiration

To aid in digestion

To support the body weight and produce locomotion (correct)

What structure connects the hip bones to the trunk?

Acetabulum

Ischial tuberosity

Symphysis pubis

Sacroiliac joints (correct)

Which part of the lower limb is responsible for distinct muscle functions and blood supply?

Thigh Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical relationship of the os coxae to the upper limb?

It is functionally equivalent to the clavicle and scapula Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for the fibrous covering of the tendons in the palm?

Fibrous flexor sheath Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve?

Motor supply to hand muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is located on the ulnar side of the palm?

Abductor digiti minimi Signup and view all the answers

Which artery contributes to the superficial palmar arch?

Ulnar artery Signup and view all the answers

What role does the palmar cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve play?

Providing sensory feedback from the palm Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is not included in the dissection of the front of the left forearm and hand?

Flexor carpi radialis Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is located superficial to the extensor retinaculum?

Basilic vein Signup and view all the answers

What forms the carpal tunnel?

Bony gutter and flexor retinaculum Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is accompanied by the median nerve through the carpal tunnel?

Long flexor tendons to fingers and thumb Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the flexor retinaculum?

Converts the bony gutter into the carpal tunnel Signup and view all the answers

Which tendon runs around the medial side of the dorsal tubercle of the radius?

Extensor pollicis longus tendon Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is NOT found passing superficial to the extensor retinaculum?

Extensor digiti minimi tendon Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical relationship of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel?

It passes deep to the flexor retinaculum between the flexor digitorum superficialis and the flexor carpi radialis. Signup and view all the answers

What condition can result from increased pressure within the carpal tunnel?

Carpal tunnel syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which tendons share a common synovial sheath within the carpal tunnel?

Flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus Signup and view all the answers

Which structure grooves the posterior aspect of the head of the ulna?

Extensor carpi ulnaris tendon Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical significance of the flexor retinaculum?

It forms the roof of the carpal tunnel. Signup and view all the answers

Which tendons are situated posterior to the distal radioulnar joint?

Extensor digiti minimi tendon Signup and view all the answers

The palmaris longus tendon inserts into which structure?

Palmar aponeurosis Signup and view all the answers

Which structures are arranged in anterior and posterior rows in the carpal tunnel?

Flexor digitorum profundus and flexor digitorum superficialis Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for wrist extension?

Extensor carpi ulnaris Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is a key artery supplying the posterior compartment of the forearm?

Posterior interosseous artery Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve provides motor innervation to the extensor muscles in the forearm?

Radial nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle assists in the supination of the forearm?

Supinator Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is located at the lateral epicondyle of the humerus?

Extensor carpi radialis brevis Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve supplies the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle?

Ulnar nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is NOT located in the superficial group of the posterior compartment?

Extensor indicis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary arterial supply for the anterior compartment of the forearm?

Radial artery Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is part of the thenar eminence?

Flexor pollicis longus Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for enclosing the flexor tendons in the hand?

Flexor retinaculum Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is innervated by the deep branch of the radial nerve?

Supinator Signup and view all the answers

Which artery primarily supplies the posterior compartment of the forearm?

Ulnar artery Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for flexing the digits?

Flexor digitorum superficialis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the palmar aponeurosis?

To provide firm attachment to the skin and improve grip. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT found in the carpal tunnel?

Flexor carpi ulnaris tendon Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the skin of the dorsal hand?

Thin and hairy, freely mobile on underlying structures. Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve primarily innervates the structures passing deep to the flexor retinaculum?

Median nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the retinaculum?

Maintain the position of tendons during wrist movement Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structures bound the anatomic snuffbox?

Extensor pollicis longus and abductor pollicis longus. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding carpal tunnel syndrome?

It compresses the median nerve within the carpal tunnel. Signup and view all the answers

In which order do the structures pass superficial to the flexor retinaculum?

Flexor carpi ulnaris tendon, Ulnar nerve, Median nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which artery branches supply blood to the flexor digitorum profundus?

Ulnar artery and Anterior interosseous artery Signup and view all the answers

Which feature differentiates the skin on the palm from that on the dorsal side of the hand?

The palm shows numerous flexure creases. Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is significant for limiting the spread of infection in the palm?

Fascial spaces. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pronator teres?

Pronation of the forearm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is medial to the lateral epicondyle?

Brachioradialis Signup and view all the answers

The apex of the palmar aponeurosis is attached to which structure?

Distal border of the flexor retinaculum. Signup and view all the answers

Which structure attaches medially to the pisiform bone?

Flexor carpi ulnaris tendon Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the orientation of the digits of the hand?

The thumb is digit 1, with others following laterally. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the fibrous septa associated with the palmar aponeurosis?

They divide the palm into distinct spaces. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by a localized thickening of the palmar aponeurosis?

Dupuytren contracture. Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is located lateral to the pisiform bone?

Ulnar nerve Signup and view all the answers

What structure passes through the carpal tunnel and is positioned medial to the flexor pollicis longus tendon?

Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons Signup and view all the answers

Which group of muscles is primarily found in the anterior compartment of the forearm?

Flexor carpi ulnaris Signup and view all the answers

Which tendon passes through a split in the flexor retinaculum?

Flexor carpi radialis tendon Signup and view all the answers

What is the synovial sheath surrounding the flexor pollicis longus tendon associated with?

The flexor digitorum superficialis tendons Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nerves is responsible for cutaneous sensation in the palm?

Palmar cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve Signup and view all the answers

In which compartment would you find the extensor carpi radialis longus muscle?

Posterior compartment Signup and view all the answers

What is the arrangement of tendons in the carpal tunnel from medial to lateral?

Flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, median nerve, flexor carpi radialis Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily involved in the pronation of the forearm?

Pronator Teres Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the extensor retinaculum?

To hold extensor tendons in position Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is associated with the superficial branch of the radial nerve?

Radial Artery Signup and view all the answers

What separates the median nerve from the ulnar artery?

Ulnar head of the pronator teres Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles extends from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus to the back of the hand?

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is lined with synovial sheath and separates the extensor tendons?

Fibrous Septa Signup and view all the answers

What muscle acts to flex the middle phalanges of each finger?

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve runs closely with the radial artery in the forearm?

Superficial Branch of Radial Nerve Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Upper Limb Regions

Palmar aponeurosis supports the skin of the palm and enhances grip by providing attachment to the skin and underlying structures.
Deep transverse palmar ligament and fibrous flexor sheaths protect the flexor tendons and guide their movement.
Anatomic snuffbox is bounded by extensor pollicis longus medially and abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis laterally; important for locating the scaphoid bone.

Lower Limb Overview

Comprised of the gluteal region, thigh, popliteal fossa, leg, ankle, and foot; designed for stability and weight bearing.
Os coxae, formed by ilium, ischium, and pubis, serves as the pelvic girdle connecting the lower limb to the spine.

Osteology of Os Coxae

Fusion of three pelvic bones occurs at the triradiate cartilage, providing support and articulation for lower limbs.

Muscles of the Forearm

Anterior Compartment: Contains muscles like flexor carpi radialis and flexor digitorum, primarily innervated by the median nerve.
Lateral Compartment: Consists mainly of the brachioradialis, which flexes the forearm at the elbow.
Posterior Compartment: Includes extensors such as extensor digitorum and extensor carpi ulnaris, innervated by the radial nerve.

Carpal Tunnel

Formed by the concave arrangement of carpal bones, covered by flexor retinaculum; contains long flexor tendons and the median nerve.
Carpal tunnel syndrome arises when there's increased pressure within the tunnel, leading to median nerve compression.

Fascial Structure of the Palm

Palmar aponeurosis divides into slips that encapsulate structures in the palm, contributing to disease spread limitation clinically.

Clinical Notes on Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Characterized by numbness and weakness due to median nerve compression; exacerbated by conditions that reduce the tunnel size.

Deep Fascia and Skin of the Hand

Palmar skin is thicker and hairless with flexure creases aiding in grip function, while dorsal skin is thinner and movable.

Cross Section of the Hand

Displays an intricate network of tendons, nerves, and blood vessels; important for understanding clinical presentations of hand conditions.

Structures of Anterior Wrist

Differentiation between structures passing superficial (outside carpal tunnel) and deep (within carpal tunnel) is crucial for surgical approaches.

Muscular Function and Nerve Supply

The anterior compartment muscles mainly facilitate wrist flexion and digit movement; innervated primarily by the median nerve, with some contributions from the ulnar nerve.
Posterior compartment muscles serve primarily to extend the wrist and fingers and are mostly innervated by the radial nerve.

Summary

Understanding anatomy and function of the upper and lower limb regions is vital for diagnosing and treating musculoskeletal issues effectively.

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Description

This quiz covers the anatomy of the upper and lower limb regions, including key structures such as the palmar aponeurosis, anatomic snuffbox, and the pelvic girdle. Test your knowledge on muscle compartments and the osteology of the os coxae. Perfect for students studying human anatomy.