Ch 9

<p>Literate individuals reduce speech movements to internal substitutes for private purposes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thought is simply behavior, either verbal or nonverbal, covert or overt. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To replace the concept of mind with physically observable or potentially observable behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thought fundamentally originates in speech production. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Silent reading engages subvocal speech mechanisms as internal substitutes for audible speech. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children learning languages such as English, Japanese, and Russian from birth would show significant differences in their beliefs and perceptions compared to monolingual English speakers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Our knowledge of vocabulary and syntax influences our perception and understanding of nature and the world around us. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Our practical interests, needs, and experiences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children readily acquire vocabulary related to their interests, even if it is complex. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Newton's concepts are shaped by culture and language, rather than being innate understandings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Our interests, needs, and experiences drive vocabulary development, rather than the reverse. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It falls out of use. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Semantic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Hopi language lacks words related to time, leading to a fundamentally different understanding of space and time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They identified numerous expressions for time in Hopi, such as adverbs and prepositions, despite the lack of formal tense. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People are different not because of their languages, but because of their experiences; fundamentally, humans are the same. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chinese speakers were less able to think counterfactually because of specific grammatical features of the Chinese language. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Au revealed that Bloom's conclusions stemmed from inaccurate translations, and that correct translations showed no difference in thinking. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The small size of their number vocabulary negatively affected the speakers' conceptual understanding of quantity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Piraha language has words only for 1, 2, and &quot;many&quot; (more than 2). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To determine how thought functions without body movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lev Vygotsky (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is an illusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thought can occur independently of physical expression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Language aids in the development and articulation of thoughts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Voluntary muscles became paralyzed while smooth muscles continued to function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He violated a law against teaching foreign languages to minors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>German (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The grammatical structure of a language influences thought processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An artificial respirator (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Teaching any subject in a language other than English. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A fine ranging from $25 to $100 or jail time. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Post-war sentiment against Germany and its culture. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only dead languages like Latin and Greek. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nebraska (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children under 13 years of age. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Same language can have differing world views. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A monolingual family with diverse religious beliefs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They should express identical opinions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cultural similarities outweigh linguistic differences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Christian doctrine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Historical events and circumstances. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diversity in language leads to complexity in views. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>World views are entirely determined by language. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A drug that temporarily induces complete paralysis of voluntary muscles.

An experiment where Smith injected himself with a paralysis-inducing drug to study thinking without body movement.

Smith's findings suggested that thought is not dependent on body movement or speech organs.

The theory that language is necessary for constructing thoughts and reasoning.

Theorists like Sapir, Whorf, and Vygotsky argue that language rules are vital for thought.

Sapir believed that thinking without language is an illusion.

Vygotsky stated that thought comes into existence through words and language.

The grammar of a language shapes ideas and influences mental activity.

The theory that thought originates from speech production and behavior.

A psychological approach focusing on observable behaviors rather than the mind.

Psychologists and linguists advocating that thought is verbal behavior.

A psychologist known for his behaviorist views on thought and speech.

The idea that we must internally repeat speech to understand it.

Proposed that articulation mediates speech perception.

Critiques that raise doubts about the relationship of speech to thought.

The abstract quality of thought that can't always be observed.

Children acquiring multiple languages at the same time from birth.

Children who speak only one language.

The theory that language shapes how we perceive the world.

Arguments against the idea that language determines perception.

Research shows that needs influence vocabulary, not vice versa.

Children's interest influences their vocabulary acquisition.

Children are fascinated by dinosaurs, influencing their vocabulary.

The study of the relationship between language, thought, and culture.

A Nebraska law prohibiting teaching foreign languages to children under 13.

A Sunday School teacher arrested for violating the Siman Act.

U.S. state where the Siman Act was enacted.

Legal limitation on teaching languages other than English to minors.

How language shapes cultural views and perceptions.

The influence of historical events on language teaching laws.

Languages that are no longer spoken in daily life, like Latin.

Whorf claimed Hopi lacks time-related words, affecting concepts of space and time.

Gipper discovered Hopi has various expressions for time despite lacking formal tense.

Malotki states that differences arise from experience, not language alone.

Bloom suggested Chinese speakers struggle with hypotheticals due to grammar differences.

Au found faulty translations led to misconceptions about Chinese language and thinking.

Munduruku has words only up to 5, affecting numerical understanding.

Piraha has words for 1, 2, and 'many', indicating limitations in numerical concepts.

Studies show limited vocabulary in Amazonian languages affects conceptual understanding.

The theory suggesting language shapes world views is insufficient as it fails to account for cultural and individual variations.

Speakers of the same language can have vastly differing beliefs and ideologies.

Diverse religious beliefs within a single English-speaking family contradict the idea that language dictates worldview.

People speaking different languages can share similar political and philosophical perspectives.

Cultural and historical events, rather than language, shape political and social beliefs.

Philosophical, religious, and political ideologies vary even among monolingual speakers.

The world view of speakers of the same language can evolve, showing further limits of language's impact.

Multilingual individuals may possess a coherent world view that transcends their different languages.