AQA Psychology A-Level: Behaviourist Approach Essay Plan
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary issue that AO2 Tatiana is experiencing?

  • Self-actualization
  • Low self-esteem (correct)
  • High self-esteem
  • Unconditional positive regard
  • Why does Tatiana rely on social media comments to feel good about herself?

  • Because she lacks self-confidence
  • Because she needs unconditional positive regard
  • Because she wants to meet the conditions set by others to feel worthy (correct)
  • Because she has a low ideal self
  • What is the consequence of Tatiana's inability to self-actualize?

  • She performs well in school
  • She has high self-esteem
  • She suffers in school (correct)
  • She is self-actualized
  • What approach do psychologists take to improve patient prognosis?

    <p>Empathetic, non-judgemental, and with unconditional positive regard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do some researchers criticize the humanistic approach?

    <p>Because it doesn't use the scientific method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a strength of the humanistic approach compared to the biological approach?

    <p>It takes a holistic view</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of the biological approach?

    <p>It ignores vital factors that influence behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the unconditional acceptance and support of an individual?

    <p>Unconditional positive regard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Tatiana's ideal self relate to her real self?

    <p>They are incongruent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of psychological treatments from a humanistic perspective?

    <p>To improve patient prognosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Behaviourist Approach

    • Concerned with observable and measurable behaviour
    • Rejects introspection due to difficulty in measuring concepts involved
    • Relies on laboratory experiments to ensure objectivity and control
    • Classical conditioning: learning through association (e.g. Pavlov's dogs)
    • Operant conditioning: learning through reinforcement or punishment (e.g. Skinner's box)

    Evaluation of Behaviourist Approach

    • Focus on measurement of observable characteristics
    • Systematic, reliable, and objective methods establish psychology as a credible scientific discipline
    • Criticised for underestimating biological factors in explaining behaviour
    • Limited in explaining cultural differences in behaviour
    • Importance of cognitive factors in behaviour (e.g. mediational processes)
    • Risk of participants responding to demand characteristics in laboratory experiments

    Social Learning Theory (SLT)

    • Learning through modelling and observation
    • Mediational processes determine whether an individual perceives a behaviour as worth imitating
    • Explains cultural differences in behaviour
    • Importance of cognitive factors in behaviour
    • Criticised for limited ecological validity (e.g. laboratory experiments)

    Cognitive Approach

    • Assumes internal mental processes can be studied scientifically
    • Studies areas of psychology neglected by the behaviourist approach (e.g. memory)
    • Uses computer models to represent human cognition (e.g. Multi-Store Model of Memory)
    • Schemas: mental frameworks of beliefs and expectations that influence cognitive processing
    • Cognitive neuroscience: studies underlying neural bases of cognitive functions

    Evaluation of Cognitive Approach

    • Employs objective and scientific methods
    • Theories founded on research are reliable
    • Reduces human behaviour by comparing it to machines, ignoring the role of emotion
    • Takes a soft-determinist stance, recognising the role of free will
    • Forms the basis of many successful therapies (e.g. CBT)

    Psychodynamic Approach

    • Suggests the mind is largely unconscious (Freud)
    • Unconditional positive regard has implications for psychological treatments
    • Impact of the humanistic approach on psychology is minimal due to limited research using the scientific method
    • Merits of the humanistic approach include its holistic view of human behaviour, which may be more comprehensive than other approaches (e.g. biological approach)

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    Description

    This quiz helps you plan your essay on the behaviourist approach in psychology, covering its principles and applications. Evaluate the approach and understand its significance in A-Level psychology.

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