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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of mitochondria in a cell?
What is the primary function of mitochondria in a cell?
Which process is NOT necessary for an organism to survive, but is essential for a species to survive?
Which process is NOT necessary for an organism to survive, but is essential for a species to survive?
What level of organization comes after 'Cell' in the biological hierarchy?
What level of organization comes after 'Cell' in the biological hierarchy?
Which of the following is a function of the chloroplasts in plant cells?
Which of the following is a function of the chloroplasts in plant cells?
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What describes the role of the cell membrane?
What describes the role of the cell membrane?
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During photosynthesis, which two components are combined with sunlight to produce glucose?
During photosynthesis, which two components are combined with sunlight to produce glucose?
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What is the function of vacuoles in a cell?
What is the function of vacuoles in a cell?
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Which life function is characterized by the chemical activity that maintains stability within an organism?
Which life function is characterized by the chemical activity that maintains stability within an organism?
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What is produced during cellular respiration?
What is produced during cellular respiration?
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What role do guard cells play in plant leaves?
What role do guard cells play in plant leaves?
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What is the primary byproduct of aerobic respiration?
What is the primary byproduct of aerobic respiration?
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Which macromolecule is primarily made of amino acids?
Which macromolecule is primarily made of amino acids?
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What percentage of energy is passed from one trophic level to the next in an energy pyramid?
What percentage of energy is passed from one trophic level to the next in an energy pyramid?
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What is the process of building larger molecules from smaller ones called?
What is the process of building larger molecules from smaller ones called?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the carbon-oxygen cycle?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the carbon-oxygen cycle?
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Which macromolecule is a major component of cell membranes?
Which macromolecule is a major component of cell membranes?
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In which organelle does aerobic respiration primarily take place?
In which organelle does aerobic respiration primarily take place?
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What is the primary function of enzymes in the body?
What is the primary function of enzymes in the body?
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What type of sugar is glucose considered?
What type of sugar is glucose considered?
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Which process involves breaking down a large molecule by adding water?
Which process involves breaking down a large molecule by adding water?
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Study Notes
Life Functions
- Living organisms take in materials for growth and repair (Nutrition)
- Materials are taken in and distributed (Transport)
- Nutrients are broken down to make energy (Respiration)
- Cellular/metabolic waste is removed (Excretion)
- Living things increase in size or cell number (Growth)
- Smaller molecules are combined to make larger molecules (Synthesis)
- Control and coordination of various activities (Regulation)
- Process that results in offspring (Reproduction). Survival of species, not individual organisms.
- Chemical activities used to maintain life (Metabolism)
- Maintenance of a stable internal environment (Homeostasis)
Cells
- Levels of organization: Organelle → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism
- Organelle: Specialized structures performing various jobs inside cells (simplest)
- Cell: Basic structural and functional unit of life
- Tissue: Similar cells working together
- Organ: Many tissues working together
- Organ system: Many organs working together
- Organism: Many organ systems working together (most complex)
Parts of the Cell/Cell Organelles
- Cell membrane: Semi-permeable layer around the cell
- Cell wall: Provides support for plant cells
- Cytoplasm: Gel-like substance holding organelles in place
- Nucleus: Controls cell, contains information
- Mitochondria: Cellular respiration, produces energy
- Ribosomes: Site of protein synthesis
- Vacuoles: Storage of materials
- Chloroplasts: Site of photosynthesis in plants. Contains chlorophyll.
Plants
- Leaves have guard cells/stomates for gas exchange (CO2 in, O2 out), water movement.
- Stomates help maintain homeostasis
- Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts (top of leaf)
- Photosynthesis: Conversion of light energy into chemical energy
- Carbon Dioxide + Water + Sunlight → Oxygen + Glucose + Water
Respiration
- Aerobic Respiration: With oxygen, creates many ATP (energy). (Oxygen + Glucose → Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP)
- Anaerobic Respiration: Without oxygen, creates fewer ATP (energy)
- Takes place in mitochondria. Converts ATP and finally makes energy. (Water + ATP → ADP + P + Energy)
Energy Pyramids/Biomass
- Producers (plants/autotrophs)
- Primary consumers
- Secondary consumers
- 10% of energy is passed on, most lost as heat
- Food Webs (Decomposers, Herbivores, Omnivores, Carnivores)
- Food Chains (Predator/prey)
Biochemistry
- Organic molecules store energy in chemical bonds.
- Water is not organic, no carbon
- Macromolecules
- Proteins: Made of amino acids. Shape determines protein function.
- Lipids: Made of three fatty acids and glycerol. Stored energy. Found in cell membrane.
- Carbohydrates: Sugars and starches (starch is a large glucose bonded sugar). Simple sugar = glucose.
- Nucleic acids: Nucleotides.
Body Systems
- Nervous system: Sends messages.
- Circulatory system: Transports materials
- Respiratory system: Gas exchange
- Excretory system: Removes waste.
- Digestive system: Breaks down food
Dehydration Synthesis
- Building larger molecules from smaller molecules (release water)
- Monosaccharide + Monosaccharide → Disaccharide + Water
Hydrolysis
- Breaking down larger molecules into smaller molecules (add water)
- Disaccharide + Water → Monosaccharide + Monosaccharide
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Description
Explore the essential life functions of living organisms, including processes like nutrition, respiration, and reproduction. Delve into the levels of biological organization from organelles to entire organisms in this informative quiz.
