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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of mitochondria in a cell?
What is the primary function of mitochondria in a cell?
Which life function is responsible for the maintenance of a stable internal environment?
Which life function is responsible for the maintenance of a stable internal environment?
What role do chloroplasts play in plant cells?
What role do chloroplasts play in plant cells?
During photosynthesis, which of the following is produced?
During photosynthesis, which of the following is produced?
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Which of these processes is NOT considered a life function?
Which of these processes is NOT considered a life function?
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Which is the correct sequence of levels of organization from simplest to most complex?
Which is the correct sequence of levels of organization from simplest to most complex?
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What is the function of the vacuole in plant cells?
What is the function of the vacuole in plant cells?
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What is the main purpose of stomates in plant leaves?
What is the main purpose of stomates in plant leaves?
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What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
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Which of the following is true regarding the energy pyramid?
Which of the following is true regarding the energy pyramid?
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What defines an organic molecule?
What defines an organic molecule?
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Which building block corresponds to nucleic acids?
Which building block corresponds to nucleic acids?
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What is the primary function of lipids in the body?
What is the primary function of lipids in the body?
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What is the role of enzymes?
What is the role of enzymes?
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Which of the following processes involves the release of water?
Which of the following processes involves the release of water?
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Which cycle involves both respiration and photosynthesis?
Which cycle involves both respiration and photosynthesis?
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What percentage of energy is typically transferred from one trophic level to the next in an energy pyramid?
What percentage of energy is typically transferred from one trophic level to the next in an energy pyramid?
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What primarily determines the function of a protein?
What primarily determines the function of a protein?
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Which process involves building a larger molecule from smaller ones and releases water as a byproduct?
Which process involves building a larger molecule from smaller ones and releases water as a byproduct?
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Which of the following macromolecules is composed of 3 fatty acids and a glycerol?
Which of the following macromolecules is composed of 3 fatty acids and a glycerol?
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What is the primary function of decomposers in a food web?
What is the primary function of decomposers in a food web?
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Which of the following is not a component of the nitrogen cycle?
Which of the following is not a component of the nitrogen cycle?
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In the process of anaerobic respiration, what is the outcome compared to aerobic respiration?
In the process of anaerobic respiration, what is the outcome compared to aerobic respiration?
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Which type of sugar is characterized as a simple sugar?
Which type of sugar is characterized as a simple sugar?
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Which body system is primarily responsible for sending messages throughout the body?
Which body system is primarily responsible for sending messages throughout the body?
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Which cycle includes precipitation as a key process?
Which cycle includes precipitation as a key process?
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Which process involves combining smaller molecules to form larger ones?
Which process involves combining smaller molecules to form larger ones?
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What is the function of the cell membrane?
What is the function of the cell membrane?
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Which of the following best describes respiration in living organisms?
Which of the following best describes respiration in living organisms?
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Which organelle is specifically involved in protein synthesis?
Which organelle is specifically involved in protein synthesis?
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What role does chlorophyll play in photosynthesis?
What role does chlorophyll play in photosynthesis?
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Which statement about photosynthesis is true?
Which statement about photosynthesis is true?
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What is the main purpose of vacuoles in cells?
What is the main purpose of vacuoles in cells?
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Which life function is necessary for species survival but not for individual organism survival?
Which life function is necessary for species survival but not for individual organism survival?
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How is homeostasis primarily maintained in living organisms?
How is homeostasis primarily maintained in living organisms?
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What is the correct sequence of organizational levels from simplest to most complex?
What is the correct sequence of organizational levels from simplest to most complex?
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Study Notes
Life Functions
- Living organisms take in materials for growth and repair (nutrition)
- Materials are distributed throughout the organism (transport)
- Nutrients are broken down to make energy (respiration)
- Cellular/metabolic waste is removed (excretion)
- Living things increase in size or cell number (growth)
- Smaller molecules combine to make larger ones (synthesis)
- Various activities are controlled and coordinated (regulation)
- Offspring are produced (reproduction). Reproduction isn't needed for an individual organism's survival, but it is crucial for the species' survival
- Metabolism: chemical activities to maintain life
- Homeostasis: maintaining a stable internal balance
Cells
- Levels of organization: organelles, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
- Organelle: specialized structures inside cells performing various jobs
- Cell: basic structural and functional unit of life
- Tissue: similar cells working together
- Organ: many tissues working together
- Organ system: many organs working together
- Organism: many organ systems working together
Parts of the Cell/Cell Organelles
- Cell membrane: semi-permeable layer allowing material to pass in and out
- Cell wall (plants): provides support
- Cytoplasm: gel-like substance holding organelles
- Nucleus: controls cell, containing information
- Mitochondria: produces energy through cellular respiration
- Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis
- Vacuole: stores materials
- Chloroplasts (plants): site of photosynthesis, containing chlorophyll
Plants
- Leaves have guard cells/stomates for gas exchange (CO2 in, O2 out); water movement
- Stomates open and close to maintain homeostasis, adjusting to environmental conditions (day/night, wet/dry).
- Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts, mainly in the top layer of leaves
- Photosynthesis: turning light energy into chemical energy to create sugar.
- Carbon Dioxide + Water + Sunlight → Oxygen + Glucose + Water
Energy and Respiration
- Green light is least effective for photosynthesis
- Energy is stored in chemical bonds within molecules, like glucose (a simple sugar)
- Aerobic respiration (with oxygen): makes a lot of ATP (energy) from glucose.
- Oxygen + Glucose → Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP
- Anaerobic respiration (without oxygen): makes less ATP from glucose
- Both processes take place in the mitochondria.
- Energy is released when ATP is broken down to ADP + P.
Food Webs and Pyramids
- Energy Pyramids/Biomass: show how energy flows through an ecosystem
- Producers (plants), primary consumers (herbivores), secondary consumers (omnivores/carnivores)
- 10% of energy gets transferred from one trophic level to the next. Most is lost as heat.
Bodies Systems
- Nervous, Circulatory, Respiratory, Excretory, and Digestive Systems.
- All help maintain homeostasis within the body.
Biochemistry
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Macromolecules: large molecules that are essential for life.
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Proteins: made up of amino acids.
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Lipids: Made up of 3 fatty acids and a glycerol (stored energy)
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Carbohydrates: simple sugars (glucose)
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Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA, carry genetic information, also building blocks
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Dehydration synthesis: building molecules by removing water
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Hydrolysis: breaking molecules by adding water
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Description
Explore the essential functions of life in organisms and the basic unit of life: the cell. This quiz covers key processes such as nutrition, respiration, growth, and reproduction, as well as the levels of organization from cells to organisms. Test your understanding of metabolic activities and homeostasis as they relate to both individual cells and whole organisms.
