Levels of Structural Organization and Respiratory System
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the main functions of the respiratory system?

  • To supply the body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide (correct)
  • To circulate blood throughout the body
  • To supply the body with nutrients
  • To regulate body temperature

    • The nasal cavity is part of the lower respiratory tract.

    False

    Name the four distinct processes of respiration.

    Mechanical ventilation, external respiration, internal respiration, transport of gases

    Which structure helps to protect the pharynx by producing antibodies?

    <p>Pharyngeal tonsils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The upper respiratory tract includes the _______ and _______.

    <p>external nose, pharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the structure of the nose with its description:

    <p>Septum = Divides the nasal cavity into two parts Nostrils = External openings for air intake Nasal cavity = Contains ciliated columnar epithelium Goblet cells = Secretes mucus in the nasal lining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The intrinsic laryngeal muscles control the position of the larynx during swallowing.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the nasal cavity?

    <p>Ciliated columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pharynx in relation to speech?

    <p>Acting as a resonating chamber.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sound production is a function of the upper respiratory tract.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ cartilage forms the prominence known as the Adam's apple.

    <p>thyroid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following laryngeal structures with their descriptions:

    <p>Thyroid cartilage = Forms the Adam's apple Cricoid cartilage = Shape like a signet ring Epiglottis = Leaf-shaped and covers the glottis Laryngeal muscles = Control tension of vocal cords</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the structures that make up the upper respiratory tract?

    <p>External nose, nasal cavity, pharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the alveoli?

    <p>Gas exchange through diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sympathetic autonomic nervous system promotes contraction of smooth muscle in the bronchi and bronchioles.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do alveolar macrophages play in the lungs?

    <p>Defense against microbes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence of __________ fibers in the pulmonary structures helps maintain support and patency.

    <p>elastic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the respiratory structures with their functions:

    <p>Bronchi = Control air entry Alveoli = Main site of gas exchange Macrophages = Defense against microbes Smooth muscle = Regulates airflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the functions of the bronchi and bronchioles?

    <p>Support and patency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary function of mucus in the respiratory system is to facilitate gas exchange.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ reflex helps to clear the airways of irritants.

    <p>cough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of goblet cells in the epithelium of the nose?

    <p>Producing mucus to moisten air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The paranasal sinuses are located only in the cranium and do not affect the quality of the voice.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one of the paranasal sinuses mentioned that is located in the roof of the nasal cavity.

    <p>Frontal sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nasal cavity is lined with _____ to help trap dust and bacteria.

    <p>mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the sinus to its location:

    <p>Maxillary sinuses = Lateral walls of the face Frontal sinuses = Roof of the nasal cavity Sphenoidal sinuses = Roof of the nasal cavity Ethmoidal sinuses = Upper lateral walls of the nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function does irritation of the nasal mucosa trigger?

    <p>Sneezing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the pharynx is located posterior to the mouth?

    <p>Oropharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nasal cavity humidifies the air that passes through it.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nasopharynx contains the pharyngeal tonsils, also known as adenoids.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organ in the nose is responsible for the sense of smell?

    <p>Olfactory organ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three parts of the pharynx?

    <p>Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The blood supply of the pharynx is provided by branches of the __________ artery.

    <p>facial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epithelium lines the nasopharynx?

    <p>Ciliated columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The laryngopharynx connects to the esophagus.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During swallowing, the nasal and oral parts are separated by the soft palate and the __________.

    <p>uvula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components to their descriptions:

    <p>Oropharynx = Extends from below the soft palate to the 3rd cervical vertebra Nasopharynx = Posterior to the nose and contains pharyngeal tonsils Laryngopharynx = Continues as the esophagus below Pharyngeal plexus = Nerve supply that includes parasympathetic fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the larynx?

    <p>Produce sound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The right primary bronchus is longer and narrower than the left primary bronchus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure prevents food from entering the airway during swallowing?

    <p>Larynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The trachea bifurcates at the level of ___ into the left and right primary bronchi.

    <p>T4/5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following bronchial structures to their descriptions:

    <p>Primary Bronchus = First division from the trachea to the lungs Secondary Bronchus = Branches to serve a separate lobe Tertiary Bronchus = Branches from the secondary bronchi Bronchioles = Small passages leading to alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the functions of the larynx is true?

    <p>It protects against foreign substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pleural membrane consists of a single layer surrounding the lungs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the two types of blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the lungs.

    <p>Pulmonary vein and bronchial arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ___ consists of ciliated pseudocolumnar epithelium to help eliminate dust particles.

    <p>trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the parts of the lungs with their characteristics:

    <p>Right Lung = Wider, shorter, more vertical Left Lung = Smaller, has a cardiac notch Lobes = Segments within the lungs for specific functionality Alveoli = Site of gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the larynx?

    <p>Gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The bronchial tree includes both primary and secondary bronchi.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the vestibular folds in the larynx?

    <p>To support the vocal cords and keep them moist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The trachea is also known as the ___ due to its tubular structure.

    <p>windpipe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Levels of Structural Organization

    • Atoms, molecules (e.g., DNA) form the chemical level
    • Smooth muscle cells are at the cellular level
    • Smooth muscle tissue is an example of the tissue level
    • The esophagus, stomach, pancreas, gallbladder, small intestine, and large intestine form the digestive system at the system level
    • An organism, in this case, a child, is at the organismal level.

    Respiratory System Overview

    • The respiratory system's function is to supply oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide.
    • The system has four processes: mechanical ventilation, external respiration, internal respiration, and gas transport.

    Respiratory System Learning Outcomes

    • Students should be able to describe the structure of the upper and lower respiratory tract.
    • They should be able to describe the macroscopic and microscopic structures of both the upper and lower tracts.
    • Students should be able to explain the functions of each structure in the upper and lower respiratory tracts.

    Respiratory System Structures

    • Upper Respiratory Tract:
      • External nose (nostrils), nasal cavity, pharynx
    • Lower Respiratory Tract:
      • Larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

    Respiratory System Functions

    • Main Function: Supply oxygen, eliminate carbon dioxide.
    • Additional Functions: Sound production (speaking). Facilitating "non-breathing" air movements (sneezing, coughing).

    Nose - Structure and Function

    • Structure:
      • The nose is the first part of the respiratory system
      • Made of bone and cartilage covered by connective tissue and skin.
      • Divided into two halves by the septum.
    • Function:
      • The nose provides an entryway for air into the body.
      • Contains mucus and cilia to trap bacteria and foreign particles.
      • Air is warmed, filtered and moistened.

    Nasal Cavity

    • Structure: Contains:
      • Olfactory membrane
      • Superior, middle, inferior nasal conchae
    • Function: Warms, humidifies, filters inhaled air.

    Pharynx - Structure and Function

    • Structure: A tube (12-14 cm long)
      • Located behind the nose, mouth, and larynx.
      • Includes three parts: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
    • Function: Passageway for air, food, and fluids

    Nasopharynx

    • Location: Uppermost part, behind the nose.
    • Structure: Uvula,soft palate extension of the floor of nasopharynx; posterior (back) wall contains pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
    • Function: Passageway for air only; opening to auditory tubes

    Oropharynx

    • Location: Middle part, behind the mouth.
    • Structure: Includes palatine tonsils
    • Function: Passageway for air and food.

    Laryngopharynx

    • Location: Lowest part, above the esophagus.
    • Function: Passageway for air and food.

    Larynx

    • Structure: Cartilage (e.g., thyroid cartilage), vocal cords
    • Function: Voice production (speech), prevents food from entering the trachea.

    Trachea

    • Structure: Tube of C-shaped cartilage rings
    • Function: Main airway to the lungs. Prevents collapsing.

    Bronchial Tree

    • Structure: Branches of the trachea into smaller tubes (bronchi, bronchioles).
    • Function: Conducts air to the lungs.

    Lungs

    • Structure: Paired organs within the chest cavity.
    • Function: Gas exchange between air and blood.

    Alveoli

    • Structure: Tiny air sacs within the lungs
    • Function: Site of gas exchange.

    Blood Supply to the Lungs

    • Pulmonary arteries: Carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
    • Pulmonary veins: Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
    • Bronchial arteries: Carry oxygenated blood to the tissues of the lungs.

    Nerve Supply to the Lungs

    • Vagus nerve (parasympathetic): Stimulates bronchoconstriction.
    • Sympathetic nerves: Stimulate bronchodilation.

    Bronchitis and Bronchioles

    • Structure: Smaller branches of the bronchi.
    • Function: Passage of air deeper into the lungs.

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    Basic Anatomy and Physiology 1 Respiratory System PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the levels of structural organization in biology, from atoms to organisms, along with an overview of the respiratory system. Students will explore the functions and structures within the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Enhance your understanding of these fundamental concepts in human anatomy and physiology.

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