Structural and Functional Organization - Six Levels from Chemical to Organism

Negative Feedback Response

• Characterized by its ability to counteract deviations from a set point, maintaining homeostasis.
• Reduces the intensity of the initial stimulus to restore equilibrium.

Anatomical Plane

• The transverse plane separates the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts.
• Often used in medical imaging and anatomical studies for orientation.

Serous Membranes

• Function to produce serous fluid, which lubricates organs and reduces friction during movement.
• Encloses organs within cavities such as the abdominal or thoracic cavities.

Mass and Weight Relationship

• Mass is the amount of matter in an object, while weight is the force exerted by gravity on that mass.
• Weight can vary based on gravitational pull, unlike mass, which remains constant regardless of location.

Parietal and Visceral Layers

• Parietal layer lines the walls of body cavities, while the visceral layer covers the organs themselves.
• Together, these layers help reduce friction between the organs and the cavity walls.

Levels of Organization

• Levels of organization, from smallest to largest: cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms.

Organelle Example

• Structures such as ribosomes, mitochondria, or endoplasmic reticulum are organelles.
• Examples like liquid or a whole cell do not qualify as organelles.

Tissue Responsible for Movement

• Muscle tissue is responsible for body movement and consists of contractile fibers.
• Includes skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle types, each with distinct functions.

Homeostatic Regulation Mechanism

• Negative feedback mechanisms are the primary mode for maintaining homeostasis.
• Utilize sensors to detect changes and effectors to counteract deviations from normal ranges.

Organ System Example

• An example of a non-organ system could be a single organ, such as the heart or liver.
• Organs work together within systems, like the circulatory or digestive systems, to perform complex functions.