Structural and Functional Organization - Six Levels from Chemical to Organism

Study Notes

Negative Feedback Response

Characterized by its ability to counteract deviations from a set point, maintaining homeostasis.
Reduces the intensity of the initial stimulus to restore equilibrium.

Anatomical Plane

The transverse plane separates the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts.
Often used in medical imaging and anatomical studies for orientation.

Serous Membranes

Function to produce serous fluid, which lubricates organs and reduces friction during movement.
Encloses organs within cavities such as the abdominal or thoracic cavities.

Mass and Weight Relationship

Mass is the amount of matter in an object, while weight is the force exerted by gravity on that mass.
Weight can vary based on gravitational pull, unlike mass, which remains constant regardless of location.

Parietal and Visceral Layers

Parietal layer lines the walls of body cavities, while the visceral layer covers the organs themselves.
Together, these layers help reduce friction between the organs and the cavity walls.

Levels of Organization

Levels of organization, from smallest to largest: cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms.

Organelle Example

Structures such as ribosomes, mitochondria, or endoplasmic reticulum are organelles.
Examples like liquid or a whole cell do not qualify as organelles.

Tissue Responsible for Movement

Muscle tissue is responsible for body movement and consists of contractile fibers.
Includes skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle types, each with distinct functions.

Homeostatic Regulation Mechanism

Negative feedback mechanisms are the primary mode for maintaining homeostasis.
Utilize sensors to detect changes and effectors to counteract deviations from normal ranges.

Organ System Example

An example of a non-organ system could be a single organ, such as the heart or liver.
Organs work together within systems, like the circulatory or digestive systems, to perform complex functions.

Description

This quiz covers the six levels of structural and functional organization from the chemical level (atoms, molecules) to the organism level. It includes topics like cells, tissues (epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous), organs, organ systems, and the human body overall.