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Questions and Answers
What is the main difference between serum and plasma?
What is the main difference between serum and plasma?
Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?
Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?
Which cellular component of blood is responsible for oxygen transport?
Which cellular component of blood is responsible for oxygen transport?
Which stain produces different colors on different cellular components?
Which stain produces different colors on different cellular components?
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How do white blood cells (WBCs) exit the bloodstream to enter tissues?
How do white blood cells (WBCs) exit the bloodstream to enter tissues?
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Which formed element of blood has distinguishing characteristics at the electron microscopic (EM) level?
Which formed element of blood has distinguishing characteristics at the electron microscopic (EM) level?
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Which type of infection is associated with an increase in eosinophil count?
Which type of infection is associated with an increase in eosinophil count?
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What is the main function of neutrophils?
What is the main function of neutrophils?
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What triggers the apoptosis of granulocytes in the connective tissue after a few days?
What triggers the apoptosis of granulocytes in the connective tissue after a few days?
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Which white blood cells are the most numerous, constituting 60% to 70% of the total leukocyte population?
Which white blood cells are the most numerous, constituting 60% to 70% of the total leukocyte population?
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What is the shape of the nucleus of eosinophils?
What is the shape of the nucleus of eosinophils?
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Which protein in eosinophil specific granules contributes to its toxicity and causes eosinophilia?
Which protein in eosinophil specific granules contributes to its toxicity and causes eosinophilia?
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What is the main function of eosinophils in the body?
What is the main function of eosinophils in the body?
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What is the lifespan of neutrophils in the blood?
What is the lifespan of neutrophils in the blood?
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What is the term for the passage of white blood cells through intact capillary walls and into the surrounding tissue?
What is the term for the passage of white blood cells through intact capillary walls and into the surrounding tissue?
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What triggers the apoptosis of granulocytes in the connective tissue after a few days?
What triggers the apoptosis of granulocytes in the connective tissue after a few days?
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Which type of infection is associated with an increase in eosinophil count?
Which type of infection is associated with an increase in eosinophil count?
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What is the main function of neutrophils?
What is the main function of neutrophils?
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Which component of blood is responsible for the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide?
Which component of blood is responsible for the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide?
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What is the primary function of red blood cells?
What is the primary function of red blood cells?
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What is the percentage by volume of packed red blood cells in a given sample of blood after centrifugation called?
What is the percentage by volume of packed red blood cells in a given sample of blood after centrifugation called?
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Which component of blood makes up about 99% of all blood cells?
Which component of blood makes up about 99% of all blood cells?
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Which plasma protein is responsible for exerting the concentration gradient between the blood and extracellular fluid?
Which plasma protein is responsible for exerting the concentration gradient between the blood and extracellular fluid?
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What do leukocytes primarily contribute to in the body?
What do leukocytes primarily contribute to in the body?
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What is the function of platelets in the blood?
What is the function of platelets in the blood?
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What is the specialized connective tissue considered to be composed of plasma, blood cells, and platelets?
What is the specialized connective tissue considered to be composed of plasma, blood cells, and platelets?
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What is the percentage range of packed red blood cells in males after centrifugation?
What is the percentage range of packed red blood cells in males after centrifugation?
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What regulates the production of red blood cells to match oxygen demand?
What regulates the production of red blood cells to match oxygen demand?
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What is the primary function of white blood cells?
What is the primary function of white blood cells?
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What is the primary function of platelets?
What is the primary function of platelets?
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Where are platelets derived from?
Where are platelets derived from?
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What initiates the activation of platelets?
What initiates the activation of platelets?
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Which substance is contained in platelet granules and promotes adhesion of platelets to endothelial cells?
Which substance is contained in platelet granules and promotes adhesion of platelets to endothelial cells?
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What is the second function of platelets besides blood clotting?
What is the second function of platelets besides blood clotting?
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What are platelets primarily involved with during blood clot formation?
What are platelets primarily involved with during blood clot formation?
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How do aggregated platelets contribute to vessel repair?
How do aggregated platelets contribute to vessel repair?
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What is the life span of platelets?
What is the life span of platelets?
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Which factor stimulates blood coagulation and other factors and is contained in platelet granules?
Which factor stimulates blood coagulation and other factors and is contained in platelet granules?
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What is the size range of platelets?
What is the size range of platelets?
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What is the primary function of platelet demarcation channel membranes?
What is the primary function of platelet demarcation channel membranes?
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What substance is primarily secreted by aggregated platelets to promote invasion of fibroblasts from surrounding connective tissue into the wounded area?
What substance is primarily secreted by aggregated platelets to promote invasion of fibroblasts from surrounding connective tissue into the wounded area?
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Which leukocyte is most closely associated with controlling mechanisms linked to allergy and asthma?
Which leukocyte is most closely associated with controlling mechanisms linked to allergy and asthma?
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What is the primary function of basophils?
What is the primary function of basophils?
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Which leukocyte is responsible for extruding the contents of their granules into the extracellular space when attacking multicellular parasites?
Which leukocyte is responsible for extruding the contents of their granules into the extracellular space when attacking multicellular parasites?
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What is the rarest leukocyte, constituting less than 1% of the total leukocyte population?
What is the rarest leukocyte, constituting less than 1% of the total leukocyte population?
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Which leukocyte is primarily responsible for releasing the major basic protein into tissue, causing damage to both parasites and surrounding normal tissue?
Which leukocyte is primarily responsible for releasing the major basic protein into tissue, causing damage to both parasites and surrounding normal tissue?
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Which leukocyte is primarily associated with increased numbers in lung tissue during bronchial asthma?
Which leukocyte is primarily associated with increased numbers in lung tissue during bronchial asthma?
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'Anaphylactic response to insect stings' is most closely associated with the release of mediators by which cell type?
'Anaphylactic response to insect stings' is most closely associated with the release of mediators by which cell type?
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'Selective trafficking of eosinophils into allergic tissue' is a function most closely associated with which cell type?
'Selective trafficking of eosinophils into allergic tissue' is a function most closely associated with which cell type?
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'Avid phagocytes, they phagocytose and destroy dead and defunct cells as well as antigens and foreign particulate matter' is a primary function of which cell type?
'Avid phagocytes, they phagocytose and destroy dead and defunct cells as well as antigens and foreign particulate matter' is a primary function of which cell type?
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Which leukocyte primarily constitutes 20% to 25% of the total circulating leukocyte population?
Which leukocyte primarily constitutes 20% to 25% of the total circulating leukocyte population?
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Which cell type primarily recirculates between blood, tissues, and lymph as part of the immune system that monitors the tissues?
Which cell type primarily recirculates between blood, tissues, and lymph as part of the immune system that monitors the tissues?
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Which leukocyte primarily contains specific granules with heparin and histamine content similar to mast cells?
Which leukocyte primarily contains specific granules with heparin and histamine content similar to mast cells?
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Which structure gives RBCs their red color?
Which structure gives RBCs their red color?
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What is the main method by which mature RBCs produce ATP?
What is the main method by which mature RBCs produce ATP?
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What happens to developing erythrocytes during erythropoiesis?
What happens to developing erythrocytes during erythropoiesis?
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What is the main reason for the biconcave shape of RBCs?
What is the main reason for the biconcave shape of RBCs?
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Which proteins maintain the shape of the erythrocyte?
Which proteins maintain the shape of the erythrocyte?
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Defective spectrin or ankyrin is associated with which condition?
Defective spectrin or ankyrin is associated with which condition?
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Which disorder can produce hemolysis and anemia?
Which disorder can produce hemolysis and anemia?
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"Ring forms" of Plasmodium vivax in red blood cells are associated with which disorder?
"Ring forms" of Plasmodium vivax in red blood cells are associated with which disorder?
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"Hemolytic disease of the newborn" is caused by:
"Hemolytic disease of the newborn" is caused by:
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What is the total number of WBCs in peripheral blood under normal conditions?
What is the total number of WBCs in peripheral blood under normal conditions?
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How do WBCs primarily function in the body?
How do WBCs primarily function in the body?
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What is the main method of WBC classification?
What is the main method of WBC classification?
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Study Notes
- Dr. Herman Reid is a professor in the Department of Medical Foundations, specializing in blood histology.
- The goals for the session include covering the basics of blood histology, discussing its relationship to wellness, and examining how disturbances in normal blood can lead to disease.
- Blood is a specialized connective tissue that circulates through the body, carrying oxygen and nutrients to tissues and waste materials away. It consists of plasma, blood cells, and platelets.
- Blood functions include transporting gases, maintaining pH and electrolyte concentrations, regulating body temperature, and serving as a pathway for white blood cells.
- Formed elements of blood are suspended in plasma and include red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets.
- Plasma and serum differ, with plasma containing all proteins and serum being the liquid remaining after blood clots.
- Blood consists of three main components: RBCs, WBCs, and platelets.
- RBCs, or erythrocytes, are responsible for oxygen transport and have a biconcave shape to maximize surface area for gas exchange. They lose their nucleus and organelles during formation and have a limited lifespan of 120 days.
- WBCs, or leukocytes, are responsible for immune functions and have distinguishing characteristics under the microscope, such as specific granules and nuclear shapes.
- Platelets, or thrombocytes, play a role in blood clotting and are small, irregularly shaped discs.
- Blood smears are commonly stained with Wright stain, which differentiates cellular structures based on their acidity or basophilia.
- Absent formed elements in a normal blood smear include platelets and eosinophils, while the most numerous WBCs are neutrophils.
- Hemoglobin, a primary component of RBCs, is responsible for oxygen transport and gives RBCs their red color.
- Erythropoietin, a hormone secreted by the kidneys and liver, regulates RBC production to meet oxygen demand.
- Hereditary spherocytosis is a condition where RBCs do not form their normal biconcave shape due to defects in the spectrin or ankyrin that binds spectrin to the plasma membrane, resulting in abnormally fragile and poorly oxygen-transporting RBCs.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the lifespan of different types of leukocytes such as neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes, and their functions in the body's immune response.
