Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of leukocyte trafficking in the body?
What is the primary purpose of leukocyte trafficking in the body?
- To provide systemic protection through continual circulation (correct)
- To increase the chances of lymphocytes contacting antigens
- To facilitate the re-circulation of erythrocytes
- To filter blood-born antigens in the spleen
In which locations do lymphocytes constantly re-circulate?
In which locations do lymphocytes constantly re-circulate?
- Blood, bone marrow, and spleen
- Spleen, liver, and kidney
- Blood, spleen, and tertiary lymphoid tissues (correct)
- Lymph nodes, lungs, and heart
How frequently can a complete circulation circuit of lymphocytes be performed in the body?
How frequently can a complete circulation circuit of lymphocytes be performed in the body?
- 1-2 times per day (correct)
- Once every week
- Once every 2 days
- 3-4 times per day
What is the function of secondary lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes?
What is the function of secondary lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes?
How do lymphocytes enter secondary lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes?
How do lymphocytes enter secondary lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes?
What is the main purpose of the spleen in leukocyte trafficking?
What is the main purpose of the spleen in leukocyte trafficking?
What must leukocytes do in order to transit the bloodstream?
What must leukocytes do in order to transit the bloodstream?
Which factor significantly increases the chance of lymphocytes contacting antigens?
Which factor significantly increases the chance of lymphocytes contacting antigens?
Where do lymphocytes enter through in the spleen to filter antigens coming from peripheral tissues?
Where do lymphocytes enter through in the spleen to filter antigens coming from peripheral tissues?
What ensures proper localization of lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid organs like lymph nodes?
What ensures proper localization of lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid organs like lymph nodes?
How does immunity depend upon the continual circulation of leukocytes through the body?
How does immunity depend upon the continual circulation of leukocytes through the body?
What happens when leukocytes bind to endothelial cells lining the walls of blood vessels?
What happens when leukocytes bind to endothelial cells lining the walls of blood vessels?
Which type of protein binds to selectins and other mucins on lymph node endothelium?
Which type of protein binds to selectins and other mucins on lymph node endothelium?
What type of molecules are responsible for the initial contacts between leukocytes and endothelial cells?
What type of molecules are responsible for the initial contacts between leukocytes and endothelial cells?
Which type of molecules bind to ICAMs along vascular endothelium?
Which type of molecules bind to ICAMs along vascular endothelium?
What controls chemotaxis, activation, and adhesion of leukocytes?
What controls chemotaxis, activation, and adhesion of leukocytes?
Where do naïve B and T cells circulate between according to different chemokine interactions?
Where do naïve B and T cells circulate between according to different chemokine interactions?
What induces intracellular signals for pathogen killing and adaptive immune response alerting?
What induces intracellular signals for pathogen killing and adaptive immune response alerting?
Which immune cells migrate to sites of infection through blood and lymphatics?
Which immune cells migrate to sites of infection through blood and lymphatics?
What ensures systemic protection by moving throughout the organism to find pathogens, reach lymphoid organs, and peripheral tissues?
What ensures systemic protection by moving throughout the organism to find pathogens, reach lymphoid organs, and peripheral tissues?
Where do effector lymphocytes exit via in order to reach inflamed tissues through blood?
Where do effector lymphocytes exit via in order to reach inflamed tissues through blood?
What possesses four conserved cysteine residues and controls chemotaxis, activation, and adhesion of leukocytes?
What possesses four conserved cysteine residues and controls chemotaxis, activation, and adhesion of leukocytes?
What do innate immune responses recognize in order to induce intracellular signals for pathogen killing and adaptive immune response alerting?
What do innate immune responses recognize in order to induce intracellular signals for pathogen killing and adaptive immune response alerting?
Which type of cells migrate to sites of infection through blood and lymphatics besides effector lymphocytes?
Which type of cells migrate to sites of infection through blood and lymphatics besides effector lymphocytes?
Study Notes
- Endothelial cells express 'cell adhesion molecules' (CAMs) such as selectins, integrins, and mucins.
- Lymphocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes have receptors for these CAMs.
- Leukocytes move towards chemokines according to their receptor expression patterns.
- MUCINS: glycosylated proteins which bind to selectins and other mucins on lymph node endothelium.
- SELECTINS: initial contacts between leukocytes and endothelial cells, bind specific carbohydrates (mucins).
- INTEGRINS: heterodimers that bind to ICAMs along vascular endothelium.
- CHEMOKINES: small peptides (90-130 Aa) controlling chemotaxis, activation, and adhesion of leukocytes, major regulators of leukocyte traffic, possess four conserved cysteine residues.
- Lymphocytes circulate between secondary/tertiary lymphoid tissues and exit blood by extravasating at high-endothelial venules (HEVs).
- Lymphocyte distribution: naïve B and T cells are guided by different chemokine interactions to distinct microenvironments.
- Innate immune responses: recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), induces intracellular signals for pathogen killing and adaptive immune response alerting.
- Adaptive immune responses: effector lymphocytes exit via lymphatics and reach inflamed tissues through blood, expressing adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors, specific expression patterns regulate homing of effector lymphocytes.
- Immune cell behavior in peripheral tissues: effector lymphocytes, neutrophils, and other immune cells migrate to sites of infection through blood and lymphatics.
- Leukocyte trafficking: ensures systemic protection by moving throughout the organism to find pathogens and reach lymphoid organs and peripheral tissues.
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Description
Test your knowledge of leukocyte migration and trafficking processes, including the involvement of adhesion molecules, chemokines, and lymphocyte re-circulation in homeostatic and antigen entry conditions.
