Kidney Structure and Function Year 1
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the renal system?

  • To produce hormones that regulate blood pressure
  • To filter toxins from the blood
  • To produce, carry and store urine (correct)
  • To regulate body temperature

    • What is the approximate weight of each human kidney?

  • 190-200 g
  • 160-180 g
  • 100-120 g
  • 130-150 g (correct)

    • What is the average amount of urine produced by humans in 24 hours?

  • 1.5 litres (800ml – 2.2L) (correct)
  • 1.0-1.5 litres
  • 2.5-3.0 litres
  • 0.5-1.0 litres

    • What happens when fluid intake increases?

    <p>Urine production increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of glomerular filtration?

    <p>To remove toxins from the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the rate at which the kidneys filter blood?

    <p>Glomerular filtration rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to water in the kidneys?

    <p>Varying amounts are reabsorbed and urine produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the kidney in maintaining homeostasis?

    <p>To reabsorb useful substances and excrete toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the foot processes of Glomerular Podocytes?

    <p>To wrap around the capillaries of the glomerulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the units of Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)?

    <p>mL/min/1.73m2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)?

    <p>GFR = Kf x net filtration pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate value of Kf in the glomerular capillary?

    <p>12.5 ml/min/mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hydrostatic pressure of the glomerular capillary?

    <p>60 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) if the permeability of the capillary is reduced?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Starling equation in the context of Glomerular Filtration?

    <p>To describe the forces that control the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the flow rate of filtered fluid through the kidney?

    <p>Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ascending limb?

    <p>To generate a high solute concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to water as it moves through the descending limb?

    <p>It moves into the surrounding tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the macula densa cells?

    <p>To act as chemoreceptors and osmoreceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the juxtaglomerular cells?

    <p>To produce renin and act as mechanoreceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net result of the ascending limb's function?

    <p>A dilute, hypotonic urine and a hypertonic interstitial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the descending limb?

    <p>Thinner and permeable to water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to sodium chloride in the thicker part of the ascending limb?

    <p>It is actively transported out of the tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

    <p>Where the distal convoluted tubule lies against the afferent arteriole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical volume of a full adult bladder?

    <p>500-600 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the urge to urinate typically occur?

    <p>When the bladder is half full</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle makes up the internal urethral sphincter?

    <p>Smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the detrusor muscle?

    <p>To contract the bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the ureter wall?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often do most people urinate in a 24-hour period?

    <p>6-7 times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the bladder?

    <p>Transitional epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the ureter as urine enters the renal pelvis?

    <p>It distends and stimulates contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal frequency of urination during the day?

    <p>3-6 times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the bladder's ability to hold urine as people age?

    <p>It decreases to about half of what a younger bladder holds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common issue for women after menopause?

    <p>Urine leakage during coughing or laughing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common issue for men with an enlarged prostate?

    <p>Trouble emptying their bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major reason for transfer to a long-term care facility after a stroke?

    <p>Incontinence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is happening to the elderly population in terms of dental health?

    <p>They are keeping their teeth for longer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is happening to renal function as part of the aging process?

    <p>It is declining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be expected from the bladder wall as people age?

    <p>It becomes thinner and weaker</p> Signup and view all the answers

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