40 Questions
What is the mechanism of action of diphenoxylate + atropine (Lomotil)?
Inhibits excessive GI motility and GI propulsion
What is the most common side effect of adsorbents used to treat diarrhea?
Constipation
What is the main concern associated with the use of bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) in children?
Cannot be given to children
What is the primary cause of infectious diarrhea caused by Clostridioides difficile?
Exposure to antibiotics
What is the mechanism of action of metronidazole (Flagyl) in treating Clostridioides difficile infection?
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis
What is the main side effect of bezlotoxumab (Zinplava) used for preventing recurrence of C. difficile infection?
Worsening heart failure
What is the drug of choice for treating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
Continue the drug of choice as long as side effects are not an issue and remission is maintained
Which one of the following is considered a functional GI disorder?
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
What is the socioeconomic impact of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) according to the text?
Considerable
How is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) subtyped according to predominant bowel habit?
Based on the patient’s description of stool form by referring to the Bristol Stool Scale
Which type of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by a predominant bowel habit of constipation?
IBS with constipation (IBS-C)
What is the common characteristic of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC)?
Not associated with abnormal radiologic or endoscopic abnormalities or a reliable biomarker
What are the main objectives of integrating knowledge about drugs used to treat diarrhea?
Appropriate use of these drugs
What can cause diarrhea besides bacterial or viral infection?
Decreased GI motility
How can antidiarrheals be classified?
As anti-motility, adsorbents, and fluid/electrolyte modifiers
Which condition does NOT relate to the objectives mentioned in the text?
Infectious diarrhea
What is the main focus of integrating knowledge about drugs used to treat inflammatory bowel disease?
Understanding the mechanisms of action of these drugs
Which category of antidiarrheals modifies fluid and electrolyte transport?
Anti-motility agents
Which medication is a chloride channel activator that increases intestinal fluid secretion and intestinal motility?
Lubiprostone
What is the mechanism of action of Plecanatide (Trulance)?
Agonizes guanylate cyclase-C on the luminal surface of intestinal epithelium
Which medication is a potent antagonist of 5-HT3 and reduces pain, abdominal discomfort, urgency, and diarrhea?
Alosetron
What is the main concern regarding the use of Eluxadoline (Viberzi)?
Cannot be used in severe liver impairment
Which medication acts as a sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 inhibitor, reducing sodium absorption from the small intestine and colon?
Tenapanor
What is the most common side effect associated with Linaclotide (Linzess)?
Diarrhea
What is the MOA of topical mesalamine?
Modulation of local chemical mediators of the inflammatory response
Which medication is given IV with diphenhydramine and acetaminophen premedication?
Infliximab
What is the main concern with the use of azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine?
Toxicity in individuals with low thiopurine methyltransferase activity
Which medication specifically blocks the interaction of T-lymphocytes with MAdCAM-1?
Vedolizumab
Which medication inhibits Janus kinase?
Tofacitinib
What is the MOA of sulfasalazine?
Modulation of local chemical mediators of the inflammatory response
What is the mechanism of action of sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (Bactrim)?
Sequential inhibition of enzymes of the folic acid pathway
Which antibiotic should be avoided in neonates?
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
What is the common side effect of metronidazole (Flagyl)?
Diarrhea
Which antibiotic combination is used for inpatient treatment of diverticulitis?
Metronidazole plus Ciprofloxacin or Levofloxacin or Cefotaxime
What is the mechanism of action of Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)?
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to one or more penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)
What are the common side effects of Piperacillin-Tazobactam (Zosyn)?
Rash, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, injection site reaction
What is the mechanism of action of Imipenem-cilastatin (Primaxin I.V.)?
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to one or more penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)
What should be avoided while taking Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin?
Multivitamins, calcium, iron, or dairy products
What is the common side effect of Ampicillin + sulbactam (Unasyn)?
Rash, diarrhea, thrombophlebitis
Which antibiotic is not suitable for use in children?
Imipenem-cilastatin (Primaxin I.V.)
Learn about the treatment and types of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Chronic Idiopathic Constipation (CIC). Understand the management of severe/fulminant disease and the lack of reliable biomarkers for these common functional GI disorders.
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