Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Chronic Idiopathic Constipation
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Questions and Answers

What is the mechanism of action of diphenoxylate + atropine (Lomotil)?

  • Adsorbs intestinal toxins and microorganisms
  • Inhibits excessive GI motility and GI propulsion (correct)
  • Modifies fluid and electrolyte transport
  • Inhibits circular and longitudinal intestinal muscles through the opioid receptor

    • What is the most common side effect of adsorbents used to treat diarrhea?

  • Dizziness
  • Nausea
  • Euphoria
  • Constipation (correct)

    • What is the main concern associated with the use of bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) in children?

  • Tongue discoloration
  • Fecal discoloration
  • Nausea
  • Cannot be given to children (correct)

    • What is the primary cause of infectious diarrhea caused by Clostridioides difficile?

    <p>Exposure to antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of metronidazole (Flagyl) in treating Clostridioides difficile infection?

    <p>Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main side effect of bezlotoxumab (Zinplava) used for preventing recurrence of C. difficile infection?

    <p>Worsening heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the drug of choice for treating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

    <p>Continue the drug of choice as long as side effects are not an issue and remission is maintained</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is considered a functional GI disorder?

    <p>Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the socioeconomic impact of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) according to the text?

    <p>Considerable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) subtyped according to predominant bowel habit?

    <p>Based on the patient’s description of stool form by referring to the Bristol Stool Scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by a predominant bowel habit of constipation?

    <p>IBS with constipation (IBS-C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common characteristic of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC)?

    <p>Not associated with abnormal radiologic or endoscopic abnormalities or a reliable biomarker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main objectives of integrating knowledge about drugs used to treat diarrhea?

    <p>Appropriate use of these drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause diarrhea besides bacterial or viral infection?

    <p>Decreased GI motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can antidiarrheals be classified?

    <p>As anti-motility, adsorbents, and fluid/electrolyte modifiers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition does NOT relate to the objectives mentioned in the text?

    <p>Infectious diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of integrating knowledge about drugs used to treat inflammatory bowel disease?

    <p>Understanding the mechanisms of action of these drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of antidiarrheals modifies fluid and electrolyte transport?

    <p>Anti-motility agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is a chloride channel activator that increases intestinal fluid secretion and intestinal motility?

    <p>Lubiprostone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Plecanatide (Trulance)?

    <p>Agonizes guanylate cyclase-C on the luminal surface of intestinal epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is a potent antagonist of 5-HT3 and reduces pain, abdominal discomfort, urgency, and diarrhea?

    <p>Alosetron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern regarding the use of Eluxadoline (Viberzi)?

    <p>Cannot be used in severe liver impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication acts as a sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 inhibitor, reducing sodium absorption from the small intestine and colon?

    <p>Tenapanor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common side effect associated with Linaclotide (Linzess)?

    <p>Diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the MOA of topical mesalamine?

    <p>Modulation of local chemical mediators of the inflammatory response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is given IV with diphenhydramine and acetaminophen premedication?

    <p>Infliximab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern with the use of azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine?

    <p>Toxicity in individuals with low thiopurine methyltransferase activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication specifically blocks the interaction of T-lymphocytes with MAdCAM-1?

    <p>Vedolizumab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication inhibits Janus kinase?

    <p>Tofacitinib</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the MOA of sulfasalazine?

    <p>Modulation of local chemical mediators of the inflammatory response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (Bactrim)?

    <p>Sequential inhibition of enzymes of the folic acid pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic should be avoided in neonates?

    <p>Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common side effect of metronidazole (Flagyl)?

    <p>Diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic combination is used for inpatient treatment of diverticulitis?

    <p>Metronidazole plus Ciprofloxacin or Levofloxacin or Cefotaxime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)?

    <p>Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to one or more penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common side effects of Piperacillin-Tazobactam (Zosyn)?

    <p>Rash, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, injection site reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Imipenem-cilastatin (Primaxin I.V.)?

    <p>Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to one or more penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided while taking Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin?

    <p>Multivitamins, calcium, iron, or dairy products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common side effect of Ampicillin + sulbactam (Unasyn)?

    <p>Rash, diarrhea, thrombophlebitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is not suitable for use in children?

    <p>Imipenem-cilastatin (Primaxin I.V.)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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