Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Chronic Idiopathic Constipation

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What is the mechanism of action of diphenoxylate + atropine (Lomotil)?

Adsorbs intestinal toxins and microorganisms

Inhibits excessive GI motility and GI propulsion (correct)

Modifies fluid and electrolyte transport

Inhibits circular and longitudinal intestinal muscles through the opioid receptor

What is the most common side effect of adsorbents used to treat diarrhea?

Dizziness

Nausea

Euphoria

Constipation (correct)

What is the main concern associated with the use of bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) in children?

Tongue discoloration

Fecal discoloration

Nausea

Cannot be given to children (correct)

What is the primary cause of infectious diarrhea caused by Clostridioides difficile?

Exposure to antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of metronidazole (Flagyl) in treating Clostridioides difficile infection?

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main side effect of bezlotoxumab (Zinplava) used for preventing recurrence of C. difficile infection?

Worsening heart failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the drug of choice for treating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Continue the drug of choice as long as side effects are not an issue and remission is maintained Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is considered a functional GI disorder?

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) Signup and view all the answers

What is the socioeconomic impact of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) according to the text?

Considerable Signup and view all the answers

How is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) subtyped according to predominant bowel habit?

Based on the patient’s description of stool form by referring to the Bristol Stool Scale Signup and view all the answers

Which type of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by a predominant bowel habit of constipation?

IBS with constipation (IBS-C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the common characteristic of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC)?

Not associated with abnormal radiologic or endoscopic abnormalities or a reliable biomarker Signup and view all the answers

What are the main objectives of integrating knowledge about drugs used to treat diarrhea?

Appropriate use of these drugs Signup and view all the answers

What can cause diarrhea besides bacterial or viral infection?

Decreased GI motility Signup and view all the answers

How can antidiarrheals be classified?

As anti-motility, adsorbents, and fluid/electrolyte modifiers Signup and view all the answers

Which condition does NOT relate to the objectives mentioned in the text?

Infectious diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of integrating knowledge about drugs used to treat inflammatory bowel disease?

Understanding the mechanisms of action of these drugs Signup and view all the answers

Which category of antidiarrheals modifies fluid and electrolyte transport?

Anti-motility agents Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is a chloride channel activator that increases intestinal fluid secretion and intestinal motility?

Lubiprostone Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Plecanatide (Trulance)?

Agonizes guanylate cyclase-C on the luminal surface of intestinal epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is a potent antagonist of 5-HT3 and reduces pain, abdominal discomfort, urgency, and diarrhea?

Alosetron Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern regarding the use of Eluxadoline (Viberzi)?

Cannot be used in severe liver impairment Signup and view all the answers

Which medication acts as a sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 inhibitor, reducing sodium absorption from the small intestine and colon?

Tenapanor Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common side effect associated with Linaclotide (Linzess)?

Diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOA of topical mesalamine?

Modulation of local chemical mediators of the inflammatory response Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is given IV with diphenhydramine and acetaminophen premedication?

Infliximab Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern with the use of azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine?

Toxicity in individuals with low thiopurine methyltransferase activity Signup and view all the answers

Which medication specifically blocks the interaction of T-lymphocytes with MAdCAM-1?

Vedolizumab Signup and view all the answers

Which medication inhibits Janus kinase?

Tofacitinib Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOA of sulfasalazine?

Modulation of local chemical mediators of the inflammatory response Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (Bactrim)?

Sequential inhibition of enzymes of the folic acid pathway Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic should be avoided in neonates?

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) Signup and view all the answers

What is the common side effect of metronidazole (Flagyl)?

Diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic combination is used for inpatient treatment of diverticulitis?

Metronidazole plus Ciprofloxacin or Levofloxacin or Cefotaxime Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)?

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to one or more penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) Signup and view all the answers

What are the common side effects of Piperacillin-Tazobactam (Zosyn)?

Rash, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, injection site reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Imipenem-cilastatin (Primaxin I.V.)?