Irritable Bowel Syndrome Treatment and Types

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What is the mechanism of action of 6-Mercaptopurine (Purixan) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis?

Binding to alpha4beta7 integrin

Inhibition of Janus kinase

Inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis (correct)

Interference with TNF alpha activity

Which side effect is commonly associated with the use of Infliximab (Remicade) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis?

Injection site reaction

Increased liver enzymes

Dizziness

Headache (correct)

What is the main concern when using Vedolizumab (Entyvio) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis?

Injection site reactions

Development of PML

CYP3A4 interactions

Hypersensitivity reactions (correct)

Which medication is contraindicated in patients with heart failure in the treatment of ulcerative colitis?

Adalimumab (Humira) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern when using Certolizumab Pegol (Cimzia) in the treatment of Crohn’s disease?

Development of TB or infections (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which class of medications can exacerbate Crohn’s disease?

NSAIDs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of loperamide (Immodium A-D)?

Inhibits excessive GI motility and GI propulsion through the opioid receptor (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is contraindicated for the treatment of infectious diarrhea?

Vancomycin (Vancocin) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the concerns associated with the use of bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)?

Fecal discoloration (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic interacts with DNA to cause loss of helical DNA structure and inhibition of protein synthesis?

Metronidazole (Flagyl) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Bezlotoxumab (Zinplava)?

Binds C. difficile toxin B and neutralizes it (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two most common functional GI disorders worldwide?

Irritable bowel syndrome and chronic idiopathic constipation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis for subtyping IBS?

Predominant bowel habit (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does IBS typically occur in?

Younger adulthood (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the socioeconomic impact of IBS?

Considerable (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is used as the basis for classifying the bowel habit type in IBS?

Patient's description of stool form based on Bristol Stool Scale (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a sub-type of IBS?

Abdominal bloating type (IBS-B) (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a category of antidiarrheal medication?

Fluid and electrolyte inhibitors (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can be caused by increased GI motility or decreased fluid absorption from the gut?

Noninfectious diarrhea (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of integrating knowledge about drugs used to treat inflammatory bowel disease?

To use these drugs effectively (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which category of drugs is used to treat diverticulitis?

Antibiotics (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of diarrhea besides bacterial or viral infection?

Decreased GI motility (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of integrating knowledge about drugs used to treat irritable bowel syndrome?

Using the drugs appropriately (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which medication for IBS acts as an agonist of guanylate cyclase-C, resulting in increased intestinal fluid and decreased GI transit time?

Lubiprostone (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern associated with the use of Alosetron (Lotronex) in treating IBS?

Ischemic colitis (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which medication for IBS acts as a mixed mu-opioid receptor agonist, delta opioid receptor antagonist, and kappa opioid receptor agonist?

Eluxadoline (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which medication for IBS should not be used in those who drink more than 3 glasses of alcohol per day?

Eluxadoline (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which medication for CIC is administered immediately prior to breakfast or the first meal of the day and immediately prior to dinner?

Tenapanor (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which medication for CIC acts as an osmotic agent that causes water retention in the stool and increases stool frequency?

PEG 3350 (Miralax) (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic combination is used for inpatient treatment of diverticulitis?

Metronidazole plus Ciprofloxacin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)?

Inhibits DNA-gyrase in susceptible organisms thus inhibiting relaxation of supercoiled DNA and promoting double-stranded DNA breakage (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the concerns associated with the use of Metronidazole (Flagyl)?

NO ALCOHOL while taking and for 3 days after stopping the medication (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is a combination drug with a beta-lactam antibiotic plus a beta-lactamase inhibitor?

Amoxicillin + Clavulanate (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Moxifloxacin (Avelox)?