Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Chronic Idiopathic Constipation
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Questions and Answers

What are the three categories of antidiarrheal medications mentioned in the text?

  • Anti-motility, adsorbents, and agents that modify fluid and electrolyte transport (correct)
  • Anti-inflammatory, analgesics, and corticosteroids
  • Antacids, laxatives, and proton pump inhibitors
  • Antibiotics, probiotics, and antivirals

    • What is a common cause of noninfectious diarrhea mentioned in the text?

  • Viral infection
  • Fluid absorption from the gut
  • Bacterial infection
  • Increased GI motility (correct)

    • What is the objective of integrating knowledge about drugs used to treat irritable bowel syndrome?

  • To understand mechanisms of action of antibiotics
  • To increase awareness about viral infection
  • To promote the use of laxatives
  • To ensure appropriate use of drugs for irritable bowel syndrome (correct)

    • Which condition can drugs be used to treat based on the objectives mentioned in the text?

    <p>Diverticulitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of integrating knowledge about drugs used to treat inflammatory bowel disease?

    <p>To ensure appropriate use of drugs for inflammatory bowel disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause diarrhea besides bacterial or viral infection according to the text?

    <p>Stress and anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an appropriate concern when using diphenoxylate + atropine (Lomotil) for diarrhea treatment?

    <p>Treatment of infectious diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern associated with the use of loperamide (Immodium A-D) for diarrhea treatment?

    <p>Treatment of infectious diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect associated with adsorbents used for diarrhea treatment?

    <p>Fecal discoloration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern regarding the use of bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) for diarrhea treatment?

    <p>Usage in children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antibiotics has a high association with causing C. difficile infection?

    <p>Cephalosporins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment of choice for C. difficile infection, which interacts with DNA to cause inhibition of protein synthesis and cell death?

    <p>Metronidazole (Flagyl)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of 6-Mercaptopurine (Purixan) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis?

    <p>Inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern when using Azathioprine (Imuran) for the treatment of ulcerative colitis?

    <p>Test for thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is contraindicated in patients with heart failure due to an increased risk for infection and TB?

    <p>Adalimumab (Humira)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Methotrexate in the treatment of Crohn’s disease?

    <p>Folate antimetabolite that inhibits DNA synthesis, repair, and cellular replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biologic agent is a monoclonal antibody that binds to the alpha-4 subunit of integrin molecules that prevents transmigration of leukocytes?

    <p>Natalizumab (Tysabri)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern when using Tofacitinib (Xeljanz) for the treatment of ulcerative colitis?

    <p>CYP3A4 interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Lubiprostone?

    <p>Agonist of guanylate cyclase-C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is limited to women with severe diarrhea-predominant IBS due to concerns about ischemic colitis?

    <p>Linaclotide (Linzess)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main side effect of Plecanatide (Trulance)?

    <p>Abdominal distension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Eluxadoline (Viberzi)?

    <p>Mixed mu-opioid receptor agonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common side effect of Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)?

    <p>Bloating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the MOA of Prucalopride (Motegrity)?

    <p>Selective, high affinity 5-HT4 receptor agonist promoting cholinergic neurotransmission by enteric neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two most common functional GI disorders worldwide?

    <p>Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis for subtyping IBS?

    <p>Predominant bowel habit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the socioeconomic impact of IBS?

    <p>Considerable impact due to associated debility and prevalence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis for classifying IBS according to bowel habit type?

    <p>Stool form described by the patient using the Bristol Stool Scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) characterized?

    <p>Not associated with abnormal radiologic or endoscopic abnormalities or a reliable biomarker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what age group does IBS typically occur?

    <p>Younger adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (Bactrim)?

    <p>Sequential inhibition of enzymes of the folic acid pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common side effect of ciprofloxacin (Cipro)?

    <p>Dizziness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic should be avoided in patients with a history of seizures?

    <p>Meropenem (Merrem)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic combination is commonly used for inpatient treatment of diverticulitis?

    <p>Metronidazole plus Ciprofloxacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern with the use of sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (Bactrim) in neonates?

    <p>Do NOT given to neonates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding one or more penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)?

    <p>Cefotaxime (Claforan)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common side effect of metronidazole (Flagyl)?

    <p>Metallic taste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern with the use of metronidazole (Flagyl)?

    <p>NO ALCOHOL while taking and for 3 days after stopping the medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic should be used for diverticulitis inpatient treatment if the patient is allergic to penicillin?

    <p>Ciprofloxacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate antipseudomonal penicillin for diverticulitis inpatient treatment?

    <p>Piperacillin-Tazobactam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic combination is suitable for diverticulitis inpatient treatment for Pseudomonas coverage?

    <p>Ciprofloxacin + Metronidazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic should be avoided in neonates with diverticulitis?

    <p>Ceftriaxone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct antibiotic regimen for outpatient treatment of uncomplicated diverticulitis?

    <p>Amoxicillin/Clavulanate alone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic should not be taken with multivitamins, calcium, iron, or dairy products?

    <p>Ciprofloxacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the antibiotic of choice for diverticulitis inpatient treatment if the patient has a history of seizures?

    <p>Meropenem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate antibiotic regimen for diverticulitis inpatient treatment if the patient has renal impairment?

    <p>Piperacillin-Tazobactam + Cefotaxime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic should be avoided in children for the treatment of diverticulitis?

    <p>Ciprofloxacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic has a disulfiram-like reaction as a potential side effect?

    <p>Metronidazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

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