48 Questions
What are the three categories of antidiarrheal medications mentioned in the text?
Anti-motility, adsorbents, and agents that modify fluid and electrolyte transport
What is a common cause of noninfectious diarrhea mentioned in the text?
Increased GI motility
What is the objective of integrating knowledge about drugs used to treat irritable bowel syndrome?
To ensure appropriate use of drugs for irritable bowel syndrome
Which condition can drugs be used to treat based on the objectives mentioned in the text?
Diverticulitis
What is the main focus of integrating knowledge about drugs used to treat inflammatory bowel disease?
To ensure appropriate use of drugs for inflammatory bowel disease
What can cause diarrhea besides bacterial or viral infection according to the text?
Stress and anxiety
Which of the following is an appropriate concern when using diphenoxylate + atropine (Lomotil) for diarrhea treatment?
Treatment of infectious diarrhea
What is the main concern associated with the use of loperamide (Immodium A-D) for diarrhea treatment?
Treatment of infectious diarrhea
What is a common side effect associated with adsorbents used for diarrhea treatment?
Fecal discoloration
What is the main concern regarding the use of bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) for diarrhea treatment?
Usage in children
Which class of antibiotics has a high association with causing C. difficile infection?
Cephalosporins
What is the treatment of choice for C. difficile infection, which interacts with DNA to cause inhibition of protein synthesis and cell death?
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
What is the mechanism of action of 6-Mercaptopurine (Purixan) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis?
Inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis
What is the main concern when using Azathioprine (Imuran) for the treatment of ulcerative colitis?
Test for thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) activity
Which medication is contraindicated in patients with heart failure due to an increased risk for infection and TB?
Adalimumab (Humira)
What is the mechanism of action of Methotrexate in the treatment of Crohn’s disease?
Folate antimetabolite that inhibits DNA synthesis, repair, and cellular replication
Which biologic agent is a monoclonal antibody that binds to the alpha-4 subunit of integrin molecules that prevents transmigration of leukocytes?
Natalizumab (Tysabri)
What is the main concern when using Tofacitinib (Xeljanz) for the treatment of ulcerative colitis?
CYP3A4 interactions
What is the mechanism of action of Lubiprostone?
Agonist of guanylate cyclase-C
Which medication is limited to women with severe diarrhea-predominant IBS due to concerns about ischemic colitis?
Linaclotide (Linzess)
What is the main side effect of Plecanatide (Trulance)?
Abdominal distension
What is the mechanism of action of Eluxadoline (Viberzi)?
Mixed mu-opioid receptor agonist
What is the most common side effect of Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)?
Bloating
What is the MOA of Prucalopride (Motegrity)?
Selective, high affinity 5-HT4 receptor agonist promoting cholinergic neurotransmission by enteric neurons
What are the two most common functional GI disorders worldwide?
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC)
What is the basis for subtyping IBS?
Predominant bowel habit
According to the text, what is the socioeconomic impact of IBS?
Considerable impact due to associated debility and prevalence
What is the basis for classifying IBS according to bowel habit type?
Stool form described by the patient using the Bristol Stool Scale
How is chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) characterized?
Not associated with abnormal radiologic or endoscopic abnormalities or a reliable biomarker
In what age group does IBS typically occur?
Younger adulthood
What is the mechanism of action of sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (Bactrim)?
Sequential inhibition of enzymes of the folic acid pathway
What is the most common side effect of ciprofloxacin (Cipro)?
Dizziness
Which antibiotic should be avoided in patients with a history of seizures?
Meropenem (Merrem)
Which antibiotic combination is commonly used for inpatient treatment of diverticulitis?
Metronidazole plus Ciprofloxacin
What is the primary concern with the use of sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (Bactrim) in neonates?
Do NOT given to neonates
Which antibiotic inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding one or more penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)?
Cefotaxime (Claforan)
What is the most common side effect of metronidazole (Flagyl)?
Metallic taste
What is the primary concern with the use of metronidazole (Flagyl)?
NO ALCOHOL while taking and for 3 days after stopping the medication
Which antibiotic should be used for diverticulitis inpatient treatment if the patient is allergic to penicillin?
Ciprofloxacin
What is the appropriate antipseudomonal penicillin for diverticulitis inpatient treatment?
Piperacillin-Tazobactam
Which antibiotic combination is suitable for diverticulitis inpatient treatment for Pseudomonas coverage?
Ciprofloxacin + Metronidazole
Which antibiotic should be avoided in neonates with diverticulitis?
Ceftriaxone
What is the correct antibiotic regimen for outpatient treatment of uncomplicated diverticulitis?
Amoxicillin/Clavulanate alone
Which antibiotic should not be taken with multivitamins, calcium, iron, or dairy products?
Ciprofloxacin
What is the antibiotic of choice for diverticulitis inpatient treatment if the patient has a history of seizures?
Meropenem
What is the appropriate antibiotic regimen for diverticulitis inpatient treatment if the patient has renal impairment?
Piperacillin-Tazobactam + Cefotaxime
Which antibiotic should be avoided in children for the treatment of diverticulitis?
Ciprofloxacin
Which antibiotic has a disulfiram-like reaction as a potential side effect?
Metronidazole
This quiz covers the treatment of severe/fulminant disease, types of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Chronic Idiopathic Constipation (CIC), as well as their prevalence and symptoms. It also discusses the absence of abnormal radiologic or endoscopic abnormalities or reliable biomarkers for IBS.
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