Challenge and Change Exam

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Questions and Answers

What do social sciences primarily study?

Physical sciences

Natural phenomena

Mathematical theories

Human behavior (correct)

What is the main focus of psychology within social sciences?

Cultural patterns and artifacts

Economic behavior of groups

Behavior and mental processes (correct)

Society and its interactions

How can social science contribute to the improvement of society?

By increasing mathematical calculations

By studying physical laws

By predicting natural disasters

By enhancing knowledge of human behavior (correct)

Which field is primarily concerned with the study of societal patterns and interactions?

Sociology Signup and view all the answers

What essential question would a sociologist most likely ask about society?

How do social norms influence individual behavior? Signup and view all the answers

Which school of thought focuses on the ways that individuals interact and create meaning through symbols?

Symbolic Interactionism Signup and view all the answers

What does the sociological perspective allow researchers to do?

Understand societal patterns through specific cases Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes intersectionality in sociology?

The study of overlapping social identities and their impact Signup and view all the answers

In the context of sociology, what value do norms have in a society?

They dictate the behavior expectations within a society Signup and view all the answers

Which of these concepts is NOT typically associated with sociological thought?

Psychodynamic Theory Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon describes the tendency for individuals to be less likely to help a victim when other people are present?

Bystander effect Signup and view all the answers

Which school of thought examines the influence of underlying unconscious motivations on behavior?

Psychoanalytic theory Signup and view all the answers

What does cognitive dissonance typically lead people to do regarding their beliefs?

Modify or adjust their beliefs to reduce discomfort Signup and view all the answers

What is a key question that learning theory seeks to answer about behavior?

How do past experiences shape current behavior? Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of cultural anthropology?

Comparing living cultures and their practices Signup and view all the answers

What fundamental question is typical of structuralism in anthropology?

What rules define acceptable behaviors in each culture? Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes one aspect of social anthropology?

It examines kinship, ancestry, and social organization. Signup and view all the answers

What does cultural materialism in anthropology typically analyze?

The material conditions and economic factors of cultures Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with pioneering structural anthropology?

Claude Lévi-Strauss Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the accumulation of knowledge have on social change?

It leads to the development of new ways of doing things. Signup and view all the answers

How does the diffusion of innovation influence social change?

It fosters imitation among individuals when an innovation is deemed popular. Signup and view all the answers

What role do discourses play in social change?

They facilitate honest conversations among homogeneous groups. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a strategy effective in changing someone's personal views?

Providing compelling evidence and fostering a trusting relationship. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between misinformation and disinformation?

Misinformation is false information spread accidentally, while disinformation is false information spread intentionally. Signup and view all the answers

What is a positive outcome of cultural exchange?

Trade and idea exchange Signup and view all the answers

What impact do technologies such as social media have on society?

They connect diverse cultures Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is emphasized by modernization theory as a source of socioeconomic development?

Formal education Signup and view all the answers

According to modernization theory, how is the role of science viewed in the modernization process?

It is essential for knowledge transfer. Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which a culture fully adapts to a new society and loses its original identity called?

Assimilation Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes when two separate cultures merge to create a new cultural identity?

Syncretism Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'minority influence' refer to in the context of social change?

A minority group successfully persuading others Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of 'drawing attention' in social change?

It is the crucial first step in initiating change Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of socialization in society?

To teach individuals how to behave according to social norms. Signup and view all the answers

How can socialization act as a barrier to social change?

By reinforcing existing norms and expectations that resist new ideas. Signup and view all the answers

What significant impact did the pandemic have on the way individuals socialize?

It led to increased reliance on digital communication methods. Signup and view all the answers

What lesson can be derived from the case of Genie regarding socialization and language acquisition?

Early social experiences are crucial for proper language development. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of informal social control?

Public disapproval for dressing inappropriately Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes groupthink?

A phenomenon where rational decision-making gets compromised by group pressures Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'normative social influence' refer to?

Influence driven by the desire to be accepted by others Signup and view all the answers

What is automatic mimicry?

Unconsciously imitating the gestures or expressions of others Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical role of formal social control?

To enforce laws and maintain order in complex societies Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary advantage of online activism compared to offline methods?

It can reach a global audience at a lower cost. Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of using multimedia in online activism?

It can develop unique branded campaigns. Signup and view all the answers

What strategy seems to be the most effective in combating conspiracy beliefs?

Teaching individuals to spot unreliable information Signup and view all the answers

What potential risk is associated with beliefs in conspiracy theories?

Engagement in harmful behaviors Signup and view all the answers

In the context of combating conspiratorial thinking, why are counterarguments generally ineffective?

They often reinforce existing beliefs instead Signup and view all the answers

What role do social elites play in promoting social change?

They possess social, economic, or spiritual power to motivate change. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can impede social change?

Traditional cultural values that resist innovation. Signup and view all the answers

How can an undesirable condition influence social change?

It can drive a population ready for change through discontent. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant impediment to social change associated with those in power?

The need to maintain the status quo for their own benefit. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of anomie as expressed by Emile Durkheim?

A sense of disconnection in the face of rapid social change. Signup and view all the answers

How does deindividuation affect behavior in social situations?

It can lead to a loss of self-awareness and social restraint Signup and view all the answers

Which type of poverty refers to the inability to achieve an average standard of living compared to one's neighbors?

Relative Poverty Signup and view all the answers

What is subjective poverty primarily concerned with?

Personal expectations and perceptions of income Signup and view all the answers

Which type of poverty highlights disparities within a society, even if basic needs are met?

Relative Poverty Signup and view all the answers

Which type of poverty describes a situation where a person's income does not meet their expectations, leading to feelings of deprivation?

Subjective Poverty Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a type of poverty?

Intermittent Poverty Signup and view all the answers

What concept illustrates how personal feelings and social comparisons can affect one's economic well-being?

Subjective Poverty Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the conditions experienced by individuals living in absolute poverty?

Lack of access to essential resources such as clean water and food Signup and view all the answers

In the context of integrative poverty, how are the 'poor' perceived in specific areas of France?

As an extensive social group requiring specific local support Signup and view all the answers

How does the definition of absolute poverty differ from subjective poverty?

Absolute poverty indicates a lack of basic necessities, while subjective poverty is related to personal perceptions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of conflict theory in relation to social stratification?

To critique the inequalities that arise from the division between owners and workers. Signup and view all the answers

Which theoretical perspective emphasizes the significance of social interactions in understanding social stratification?

Symbolic Interactionism Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which conspicuous consumption communicates social status?

The purchase and use of luxurious goods Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of poverty that can create a cycle of disadvantage?

Sedimentation of global inequality Signup and view all the answers

Which type of poverty is defined by a lack of basic necessities and is often measured against a set standard?

Absolute Poverty Signup and view all the answers

How does poverty primarily affect the mental health of individuals?

Through emotional stress from relative deprivation Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary health challenges faced by impoverished children?

Malnutrition Signup and view all the answers

Which concept relates to the elevated rates of crime in areas with significant income inequality?

Relative deprivation Signup and view all the answers

What ethical consideration related to shopping is discussed in the "Buy Now" documentary?

The feasibility of shopping ethically Signup and view all the answers

What change might individuals consider in their future consumption habits after watching the "Buy Now" documentary?

Reducing unnecessary purchases to become conscious consumers Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Ontario Safe Schools Act on students of colour?

It disproportionately affected students of colour by increasing the likelihood of suspensions. Signup and view all the answers

What are some factors that may contribute to students of colour ending up in prison?

Socioeconomic status and systemic racism. Signup and view all the answers

What is culturally relevant pedagogy?

A pedagogical style that incorporates students' cultural references in learning. Signup and view all the answers

How does the school to prison pipeline affect generations?

It creates a feedback loop of educational failure and incarceration. Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase 'We are not statistics' imply in the context of social justice?

People should not be reduced to mere data in societal discussions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following research methods is commonly used by social scientists when studying demographics?

Interviews and observations Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of family dynamics may a sociologist find particularly interesting?

Decision-making among family members Signup and view all the answers

Which regions of the world are identified as experiencing the highest population growth rates?

Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa Signup and view all the answers

What major question do social scientists consider when studying demographic changes in a society?

What are the causes and impediments of change? Signup and view all the answers

What is demography primarily concerned with studying?

Human populations and their statistics Signup and view all the answers

In which area is demography NOT frequently used?

Climate change impact assessments Signup and view all the answers

Which statistic is NOT typically included in demographic studies?

Individual behavioral traits Signup and view all the answers

How might psychologists use demographics in their work?

To explore correlations between age and mental health issues Signup and view all the answers

Which factors are considered when examining Canadian statistics related to population trends?

Rural, suburban, and urban areas Signup and view all the answers

Which descriptor best fits Generation Y's approach to work and life?

Live first, work second Signup and view all the answers

Which generation is characterized as being the most medicated in history?

Generation Y Signup and view all the answers

How does Generation Y typically view technology?

As an integral part of life Signup and view all the answers

In what way does Generation Z exhibit independence?

By starting to earn money at a younger age compared to previous generations. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic does not typically describe Generation Z?

Strong reliance on parental guidance Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant societal change in Canada after World War II due to the Baby Boom?

Expansion of suburban areas and shopping malls Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes the impact of the Baby Boomers on retirement attitudes in Canada?

They have prompted a reevaluation of how senior citizens are supported. Signup and view all the answers

What significant cultural change did the Baby Boomers promote during the 1960s and 1970s?

Promotion of civil rights and anti-war protests Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a consequence of negative attitudes and stereotypes in society?

They may result in harassment and discrimination against certain groups. Signup and view all the answers

What is a direct result of the relationship between negative stereotypes and employment?

They can restrict access to job opportunities and success. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of behaviors can contribute to microaggressions?

Indirect and unintentional remarks that reflect underlying biases Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes systemic discrimination?

It arises from neutral policies that disproportionately affect certain groups Signup and view all the answers

What is a common effect of microaggressions in communication?

They can perpetuate feelings of alienation among marginalized individuals Signup and view all the answers

What does subtle discrimination often involve?

Exclusion from informal networking opportunities. Signup and view all the answers

What is the best way to relax after taking an exam?

Going for a walk or doing some exercise Signup and view all the answers

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Description

Explore the diverse fields encompassed by social sciences, including economics, sociology, and psychology. This quiz delves into the core concepts that define human behavior and societal organization. Test your understanding of how these disciplines interconnect and influence our interactions and identity.