Introduction to Research Concepts
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Introduction to Research Concepts

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Questions and Answers

What is research?

Systematic investigation into the study of materials and sources

What is a research hypothesis?

An educated guess that is used as a starting point for research

What is research data?

Facts and statistics collected during research

What is the purpose of research?

<p>To gain knowledge and understanding, improve judgment, add to one's power, reduce the burden of work, relieve suffering, and increase satisfaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Empirical research is based on the experience of the researcher.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Logical research is based on invalid procedures and principles.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cyclical research starts with a problem and ends with a problem.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Analytical research makes use of all available data so there is no ambiguity.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Replicability means research designs and procedures are rarely replicated.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Critical research exhibits careful and precise judgement.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is applied Research?

<p>Seeking for new application of scientific knowledge to the solution of a problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is action research?

<p>Decision-oriented research involving the application of the steps of the scientific method</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is pure research?

<p>Aims to discover basic truths or principles. It is intended to add body of knowledge by exploring to the unknown</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is descriptive research?

<p>Involves the description, recording analysis and interpretation of present nature, composition or processes of phenomena</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is historical research?

<p>Describes what occurred in the past</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is case study research?

<p>A systematical inquiry into an event or set related events</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is experimental research?

<p>Any research conducted with a scientific approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is ethnographic research?

<p>Investigation of a culture through an in-depth study of the members of the culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is qualitative research?

<p>Collects data using conversational methods, ask open ended questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is quantitative research?

<p>Deals with numbers and anything that can be dealt with a measurable form</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of research design?

<p>Devising a system, component or process to meet the desired needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of research?

<p>To investigate systematically</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the key steps for identifying research methodology?

<p>Set your goal, plan your research, collect and collate your results</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some tips for writing an effective introduction to a research paper?

<p>Start broadly and then narrow down, state the aims and importance, cite thoroughly but not excessively, avoid giving too much citations for one point, clearly state either your hypothesis or research questions, consider giving an overview of the paper, keep it short, show, don't tell</p> Signup and view all the answers

In system planning, what are the two types of requirements?

<p>Requirement and requirement determination</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two major activities involved in requirement determination?

<p>Requirements Anticipation and Requirements Specifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main information gathering techniques used in systems analysis?

<p>Interviewing, questionnaires, review of records, procedures, and forms, and observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of interviews used in information gathering?

<p>Unstructured and structured</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of questionnaires used in information gathering?

<p>Open-ended and close-ended</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of reviewing records, procedures, and forms in information gathering?

<p>To gain insight into a system's capabilities, operations, and activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is observation used in information gathering?

<p>By noticing and observing the people, events, and objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym SMART stand for in relation to research objectives?

<p>Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Time Bound</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of research objectives?

<p>General objectives are broad goals to be achieved, while specific objectives are short-term and narrow in focus, providing concrete steps towards achieving the overall goals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A research hypothesis is an ______ guess about the relationship between variables.

<p>educated</p> Signup and view all the answers

Empirical research is based on ______ and experimentation.

<p>observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

What is Research?

  • Systematic investigation of materials and sources
  • Hypothesis: Educated guess used as a starting point for research
  • Data: Facts and statistics collected during research
  • Analysis: Interpretation of data to draw conclusions

Purpose of Research

  • Knowledge and understanding
  • Improve judgment
  • Increase power
  • Reduce workload
  • Relieve suffering
  • Increase satisfaction

Characteristics of Research

  • Empirical: Based on researcher experience
  • Logical: Based on valid procedures and principles
  • Cyclical: Starts with a problem, ends with a problem
  • Analytical: Uses all available data
  • Replicable: Designs and procedures can be repeated
  • Critical: Exhibits careful and precise judgment

Types of Research

  • Applied Research: Seeks applications of scientific knowledge to solve problems
  • Action Research: Decision-oriented research using the scientific method
  • Pure Research: Aims to discover basic truths and principles
  • Descriptive Research: Describes the nature, composition, and processes of phenomena
  • Historical Research: Describes past occurrences
  • Case Study Research: Systematical inquiry into an event or set of related events
  • Experimental Research: Research conducted with a scientific approach

Methods of Research

  • Qualitative Research: Collects data using conversational methods (open-ended questions)
  • Quantitative Research: Deals with numbers and measurable data

Design vs. Research

  • Design: Creating a system, component, or process to meet needs
  • Research: Investigating a system, component, or process systematically

Identifying Research Methodology

  • Set a goal
  • Plan research
  • Collect and collate results

Tips for Effective Introductions

  • Start broadly, narrow down
  • State aims and importance
  • Cite thoroughly but not excessively
  • Avoid excessive citations for one point
  • Clearly state hypothesis or research questions
  • Keep it short
  • Show, don't tell

System Planning

  • Requirements: Vital features of a system
  • Requirement Determination: Studying existing systems and gathering details

Major Activities in Requirement Determination

  • Requirements Anticipation: Prediction of system characteristics based on previous experience

Information Gathering Techniques

  • Interviewing: Gathering information from individuals or groups
    • Unstructured Interview: Question-answer session
    • Structured Interview: Standard questions
  • Questionnaires: Gathering information from a large group
    • Open-ended: Easily interpreted questions
    • Closed-ended: Mutually exclusive questions
  • Review of Records, Procedures, and Forms: Insight into system capabilities
  • Observation: Noticing people, events, and objects

SMART Objectives

  • Specific
  • Measurable
  • Attainable
  • Realistic
  • Time-bound

Types of Research Objectives

  • General objectives: Broad goals
  • Specific Objectives: Short-term, focused goals

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Description

This quiz explores fundamental concepts of research, including systematic investigation, types, purposes, and characteristics of research. It aims to enhance understanding of methodologies and applications in various research contexts. Test your knowledge on foundational research principles and their significance.

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