Research Methodology Overview PDF

**MOR** What is **Research?** - Systematic investigation into the study of materials and sources **Hypothesis** -- An Educated guess that is used as a starting point for research **Data** -- Facts and statistics collected during research **Analysis** -- Interpretation of data to draw conclusi...

**MOR** What is **Research?** - Systematic investigation into the study of materials and sources **Hypothesis** -- An Educated guess that is used as a starting point for research **Data** -- Facts and statistics collected during research **Analysis** -- Interpretation of data to draw conclusions **Purpose of Research**: - **Knowledge/ Understanding** - **Improve Judgement** - **Add to his power** - **Reduce burden of work** - **Relieve Suffering** - **Increase the Satisfaction** **Characteristic of Research**: - **Empirical** - research can be based on the experience of the researcher - **Logical** -- research is based on valid procedures and principles - **Cyclical** -- it starts with a problem and ends with problem - **Analytical** -- make use of all available data so there is no ambiguity - **Replicability** -- research designs and procedures are replicated - **Critical** -- research exhibits careful and precise judgement **Type of Research** - **Applied Research** -- seeking for new application of scientific knowledge to the solution of a problem - **Action Research** -- decision-oriented research involving the application of the steps pf the scientific method - **Pure Research** -- aims to discover basic truths or principles. It is intended to add body of knowledge by exploring to the unknown - **Descriptive Research** -- involves the description, recording analysis and interpretation of present nature, composition or processes of phenomena - **Historical Research** -- describes what occurred in the past - **Case Study Research** -- a systematical inquiry into an event or set related events - **Experimental Research** -- any research conducted with a scientific approach - **Ethnographic Research** - investigation of a culture through an in-depth study of the members of the culture **Methods of Research:** - **Qualitative Research** -- collects data using conversational methods, ask open ended questions - **Quantitative Research** -- deal with numbers and anything that can be dealt with a measurable form **Design vs Research:** - **Design** -- devising a system, component or process to meet the desired needs - **Research** -- is to investigate systematically **Identifying Research Methodology:** - **Set your Goal** - **Plan your Research** - **Collect and collate your results** **Tips for writing an effective introduction** - **Start broadly and then narrow down** - **State the aims and importance** - **Cite thoroughly but not excessively** - **Avoid giving too much citations for one point** - **Clearly state either your hypothesis or research questions** - **Consider giving an overview of the paper** - **Keep it short** - **Show, don't tell** **System planning:** - **Requirement** -- vital feature of the system, processing or capturing of data - **Requirement Determination** -- studying the existing system and gathering details **Major Activities Requirement Determination:** - **Requirements Anticipation** -- predicts the characteristic of the system based on previous experience - **Requirements Investigation** -- studying the current system and documenting it features for further analysis - **Requirement Specifications** -- includes the analysis of data which determine the requirement specification **Information Gathering Techniques:** 1. **Interviewing** - Systems Analyst collects information from individuals or groups by Interviewing. - **Unstructured Interview** - system analyst conducts question-answer session to acquire basic information of the system. - **Structured Interview** - standard questions which user need to respond in either close (objective) or open (descriptive) format. 2. **Questionnaires** -- used by analyst to gather information about various issues of system **from large number of persons** - **Open-ended Questionnaires** - consists of questions that can be easily and correctly interpreted. - **Close**-**ended Questionnaires** - consists of questions that are used, mutually exclusive 3. **Review of Records, Procedures, and Forms** - helps to seek insight into a system which describes the **current system capabilities, its operations, or activities.** 4. **Observation** - method of gathering information by noticing and observing the **people, events, and objects.** **SMART:** - **S -- Specific** - **M -- Measurable** - **A -- Attainable** - **R -- Realistic** - **T -- Time Bound** **Types of Research:** 1. **General Objectives** -- broad goals to be achieved 2. **Specific Objectives** -- short term and narrow in focus