Introduction to Psychology - Final Exam Review

Wilhelm Wundt

Leipzig, Germany in 1879

<p>To ensure that research is conducted ethically and to protect the well-being of participants. For example, it used to be acceptable to deceive participants about the purpose of the study, but today it is rarely acceptable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>John B. Watson.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The parts of a multipolar neuron are the dendrites, axon, soma, and myelin sheath. Neurons are specialized for transmitting information, while glial cells support neurons. Schwann cells make myelin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Broca's area is important for speech production and Wernicke's area is important for speech comprehension. LAD stands for language acquisition device.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An Independent variable is manipulated by the experimenter. A dependent variable is measured by the experimenter. A positive correlation is a relationship between two variables where they both increase or both decrease together. A negative correlation is a relationship between two variables where one increases as the other decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stress, exercise, and danger can activate the sympathetic nervous system. The physiological changes that occur include increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, and dilation of pupils.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The classes of psychoactive substances we discussed include stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, and opioids. Physical drug dependence is characterized by physiological changes that occur when a person stops using the drug. This can include withdrawal symptoms such as nausea, shakes, or seizures. Psychological drug dependence is characterized by a desire to use the drug, despite negative consequences. This can include cravings and obsessive thoughts about the drug.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three stages of the general adaptation syndrome are alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. Eustress is a positive form of stress that motivates and energizes us. Distress is a negative form of stress that overwhelms us and can lead to health problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social loafing is the tendency for individuals to exert less effort when working in a group than when working alone. Social facilitation is the tendency for individuals to perform better when working in a group than when working alone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bystander effect is the phenomenon where individuals are less likely to help someone in need when other people are present. As group size increases, diffusion of responsibility increases, meaning that individuals feel less personal responsibility for helping.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Convergent thinking is a process of narrowing down options to arrive at a single best solution. Divergent thinking is a process of generating multiple creative solutions to a problem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden attacks of sleep. Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.</p> Signup and view all the answers