Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of research is better for establishing cause-and-effect relationships?
What type of research is better for establishing cause-and-effect relationships?
Which research method is particularly useful for understanding associations at a single point in time?
Which research method is particularly useful for understanding associations at a single point in time?
What is a major advantage of case studies in research?
What is a major advantage of case studies in research?
What type of research design allows researchers to track changes in employee engagement over time?
What type of research design allows researchers to track changes in employee engagement over time?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of quasi-experimental research?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of quasi-experimental research?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a primary benefit of conducting interviews as a research method?
What is a primary benefit of conducting interviews as a research method?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of research is characterized by collecting data at a single point in time?
Which type of research is characterized by collecting data at a single point in time?
Signup and view all the answers
Which option represents a method of qualitative data collection?
Which option represents a method of qualitative data collection?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key advantage of using the observer method in job analysis?
What is a key advantage of using the observer method in job analysis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one significant limitation of the observer method?
What is one significant limitation of the observer method?
Signup and view all the answers
Which method involves interviewing employees and supervisors to gather job-related information?
Which method involves interviewing employees and supervisors to gather job-related information?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a disadvantage of the structured interview approach in job analysis?
What is a disadvantage of the structured interview approach in job analysis?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the Critical Incident Technique (CIT) focus on?
What does the Critical Incident Technique (CIT) focus on?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a primary advantage of the Task Inventory Method?
What is a primary advantage of the Task Inventory Method?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common drawback of conducting unstructured interviews?
What is a common drawback of conducting unstructured interviews?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes the observer effect?
Which of the following best describes the observer effect?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the first step in the learning process according to the provided concept?
What is the first step in the learning process according to the provided concept?
Signup and view all the answers
Which evaluation method is primarily used for assessing changes in participant behavior post-training?
Which evaluation method is primarily used for assessing changes in participant behavior post-training?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of the Reflective Observation stage in the learning process?
What is the purpose of the Reflective Observation stage in the learning process?
Signup and view all the answers
What does Level 3: Behavior measure in the context of training evaluation?
What does Level 3: Behavior measure in the context of training evaluation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following methods is NOT mentioned for evaluating training effectiveness?
Which of the following methods is NOT mentioned for evaluating training effectiveness?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the focus of Brinkerhoff's Success Case Method in training evaluation?
What is the focus of Brinkerhoff's Success Case Method in training evaluation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which aspect does Level 4: Results evaluate in the training process?
Which aspect does Level 4: Results evaluate in the training process?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key aspect of Active Experimentation in the learning process?
What is a key aspect of Active Experimentation in the learning process?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a primary advantage of the ranking method in employee performance evaluation?
What is a primary advantage of the ranking method in employee performance evaluation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a limitation of the paired comparison method?
What is a limitation of the paired comparison method?
Signup and view all the answers
How does the critical incident method evaluate employee performance?
How does the critical incident method evaluate employee performance?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT considered a disadvantage of qualitative descriptors?
Which of the following is NOT considered a disadvantage of qualitative descriptors?
Signup and view all the answers
What kind of biases may affect the ranking method?
What kind of biases may affect the ranking method?
Signup and view all the answers
Which method may create conflicts due to its competitive nature?
Which method may create conflicts due to its competitive nature?
Signup and view all the answers
Why may the critical incident method be considered effective for performance evaluations?
Why may the critical incident method be considered effective for performance evaluations?
Signup and view all the answers
What challenge is associated with the paired comparison method?
What challenge is associated with the paired comparison method?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary advantage of using the Forced Distribution Method in performance assessments?
What is the primary advantage of using the Forced Distribution Method in performance assessments?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a major limitation of infrequent documented assessments?
What is a major limitation of infrequent documented assessments?
Signup and view all the answers
Which feedback method is known for providing timely insights for immediate improvement?
Which feedback method is known for providing timely insights for immediate improvement?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a disadvantage of peer feedback?
What is a disadvantage of peer feedback?
Signup and view all the answers
What could be a challenge associated with upward feedback?
What could be a challenge associated with upward feedback?
Signup and view all the answers
Which approach emphasizes collecting feedback from colleagues who closely work together?
Which approach emphasizes collecting feedback from colleagues who closely work together?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a potential result of excessive feedback from documented assessments?
What is a potential result of excessive feedback from documented assessments?
Signup and view all the answers
Which feedback type is often verbal and specific to daily tasks?
Which feedback type is often verbal and specific to daily tasks?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary focus of McClelland's Theory of Needs?
What is the primary focus of McClelland's Theory of Needs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which need is related to the desire to excel and achieve in relation to set standards?
Which need is related to the desire to excel and achieve in relation to set standards?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes the need for autonomy?
Which of the following best describes the need for autonomy?
Signup and view all the answers
What should employers do to foster a supportive work environment that encourages relatedness?
What should employers do to foster a supportive work environment that encourages relatedness?
Signup and view all the answers
According to Self-Determination Theory, what is essential for optimal motivation?
According to Self-Determination Theory, what is essential for optimal motivation?
Signup and view all the answers
In the application of McClelland's Theory of Needs, how should challenges be assigned to those with a high need for achievement?
In the application of McClelland's Theory of Needs, how should challenges be assigned to those with a high need for achievement?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary desire of individuals with a high need for power?
What is the primary desire of individuals with a high need for power?
Signup and view all the answers
What kind of feedback is essential for those who need to feel competent in their roles?
What kind of feedback is essential for those who need to feel competent in their roles?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Research Design in I-O Psychology
- Experimental research involves manipulating one or more independent variables to observe their effect on a dependent variable, with extraneous variables controlled.
- Lab experiments maximize internal validity in controlled settings (e.g., feedback on performance).
- Field experiments offer higher external validity in real-world settings (e.g., new training program effects).
- Quasi-experimental research is similar to experimental research but lacks random assignment. This is often used in organizational settings due to practical limitations.
- Correlational research measures the strength and direction of relationships between two or more variables. It does not involve manipulation.
- Example: Relationship between job satisfaction and employee turnover.
- Longitudinal research gathers data from the same subjects over time (e.g., tracking employee engagement over years).
- Cross-sectional research gathers data at a single point in time (e.g., analyzing relationships between variables).
Data Collection Techniques
- Surveys and questionnaires collect data on attitudes, opinions, behaviors, and demographics.
- Interviews involve direct, one-on-one or group conversations to gather detailed qualitative data.
- Observations involve systematically recording behaviors, interactions, or workplace processes (participant or non-participant).
- Case studies provide in-depth insights into a single organization, department, or group.
- Meta-analysis combines results from multiple studies to offer a comprehensive understanding of a phenomenon.
- Psychological testing measures cognitive abilities, personality traits, skills to predict various job performances relevant to an organization.
- Archival research analyzes existing data (company records, employee performance data, etc.).
- Focus groups gather diverse perspectives via group discussions on a specific topic.
- Experience sampling method (ESM) gathers real-time data from participants through mobile devices or diaries (e.g., daily work events and job satisfaction).
Data Analysis Techniques
- Descriptive statistics summarize data (mean, median, mode, standard deviation).
- Inferential statistics make inferences about a population from sample data (t-tests, ANOVA, regression).
- Factor analysis identifies underlying relationships between variables, grouping them into factors.
- Machine learning utilizes algorithms to analyze large datasets for patterns.
Job Analysis Techniques
- Observation Method involves observing employees performing their tasks.
- Interview Method involves interviewing employees, supervisors, or subject matter experts to gather job information.
- Questionnaire Method uses standardized questionnaires to collect job task data.
- Task Inventory Method involves listing job tasks, and ranking their importance, frequency, and difficulty.
- Critical Incident Technique identifies important examples of effective or ineffective work behaviors.
- Competency Modeling identifies and defines the skills, knowledge, and abilities required for a job.
Other Topics Covered
- Job descriptions outline duties, responsibilities, required qualifications, and working conditions of a job.
- Job analysis (a process) studies a job to understand its essential duties and responsibilities.
- Training needs analysis (TNA) is the process of determining what training is needed, what type of training, and who should receive training.
- Training design refers to creating effective training programs, defining learning objectives, selecting methods, and planning delivery.
- Training evaluation assesses training effectiveness and ROI.
- Performance appraisal assesses employee performance, provides feedback, and identifies improvement areas using various techniques (graphic rating scale, ranking, paired comparisons, critical incident, essay).
- Motivation theories (Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Herzberg's two-factor, Vroom's expectancy, McClelland's, SDT).
- Recruitment and selection strategies (internal, external, targeted recruitment, methods).
- Work environment improvements (enhancing physical and psychological environment), positive work-life balance practices.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz focuses on various research designs used in Industrial-Organizational Psychology. It covers experimental, quasi-experimental, correlational, longitudinal, and cross-sectional research methods. Understanding these methodologies is crucial for applying psychology in workplace settings.
