Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the typical sources of ideas for a study?
What are the typical sources of ideas for a study?
What are some key characteristics of 'Case Control' designs?
What are some key characteristics of 'Case Control' designs?
Case Control designs (e.g. Cross-Sectional, Retrospective) are a type of observational research in clinical psychology. They are used to study the relationship between a particular exposure or risk factor and a health outcome.
What are the main characteristics of 'Cohort designs' as used in observational research?
What are the main characteristics of 'Cohort designs' as used in observational research?
Cohort designs (e.g. single-group, multigroup) are a type of longitudinal observational research in clinical psychology. They are used to study a group of people or population over time to see how a particular health outcome or characteristic evolves over a certain period.
What are the advantages of using the 'Experience Sampling Method' (ESM) in clinical psychology?
What are the advantages of using the 'Experience Sampling Method' (ESM) in clinical psychology?
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The Experience Sampling Method (ESM) is also used as method for gathering data across various fields like behavioral science, business, and marketing and not just in clinical psychology.
The Experience Sampling Method (ESM) is also used as method for gathering data across various fields like behavioral science, business, and marketing and not just in clinical psychology.
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Why is virtual reality considered a beneficial tool in research?
Why is virtual reality considered a beneficial tool in research?
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What are some examples of the special populations that are often studied in clinical psychology?
What are some examples of the special populations that are often studied in clinical psychology?
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What is the purpose of using moderators and mediators in research?
What is the purpose of using moderators and mediators in research?
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What is the significance of 'replication' in the context of research?
What is the significance of 'replication' in the context of research?
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The 'psychological impact of epidemic outbreaks on healthcare workers' study suggests that the levels of stress are generally reported to be higher in the physicians than for nurses but lower for those who work in the 'Human Resources' (HR) area.
The 'psychological impact of epidemic outbreaks on healthcare workers' study suggests that the levels of stress are generally reported to be higher in the physicians than for nurses but lower for those who work in the 'Human Resources' (HR) area.
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The 'psychological impact of epidemic outbreaks on healthcare workers' study suggests that the symptoms observed in workers during epidemic outbreaks are often not long lasting and typically disappear when the outbreak concludes.
The 'psychological impact of epidemic outbreaks on healthcare workers' study suggests that the symptoms observed in workers during epidemic outbreaks are often not long lasting and typically disappear when the outbreak concludes.
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Study Notes
Experimental Clinical Psychology & Principles of Ethics
- This lesson covers the methodology and design of studying treatment efficacy and effectiveness.
- Different treatment evaluation designs are discussed, including recent developments in psychotherapy research.
- Experimental psychopathology is explored as a way to understand abnormal behaviour.
- Methodological approaches and paradigms in experimental psychopathology research are outlined.
- The Experience Sampling Method (ESM) is presented as a way to understand psychopathological symptoms across time in everyday life.
- Virtual reality research in clinical psychology is also a subject of the lesson.
Selection of Research Problem and Design
- Research ideas, including those that begin the research process, are discussed.
- Theory as a guide to research.
- The transition from ideas to operational variables is explored.
- A section details variables that are to be investigated in research designs .
- Different research design options are outlined.
Research Methods and Designs - 1: Observational Research
- Case-control designs like cross-sectional and retrospective studies are discussed.
- Cohort designs (including single and multigroup studies) are described.
Research Methods and Designs - 2: Laboratory Methods
- Methods for elucidating the processes underlying abnormal behaviour are outlined.
- Manipulation of independent variables is explained.
- Techniques for describing behavioural and psychological processes in laboratory settings are described.
Research Methods and Designs - 3: Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs)
- The scientific evaluation of clinical treatment methods using RCTs is highlighted.
- A diagram or flow chart is provided describing the process of enrolment, eligibility assessment, randomisation, intervention assignment, follow-up, and analysis in RCTs.
Research Methods and Designs - 4: Experience Sampling Methods (ESM)
- The unfolding of psychopathological symptoms in everyday life is explained using ESM.
- Real-time and real-world assessment techniques for ESM.
- Using multiple assessments over time to collect psychological, physiological, and behavioral data.
- Situation assessment methods for ESM.
- Interactive feedback methods.
Research Methods and Designs - 5: Virtual Environments
- Virtual reality immersion and its use in treating psychological disorders (e.g., anxiety).
Research Ideas - Overview
- Developing research ideas and identifying sources for study ideas.
- Investigating how two or more variables relate to each other.
- Moderators, mediators, and mechanisms in research design.
Learning Objectives
- Learning objectives for understanding the basis, channels, variable relationships, and comparing different research models.
Sources of Ideas
- Multiple sources of ideas, including curiosity, the case study, special populations, exceptions, subtypes, animal research, measurement development and validation, and other studies.
- An explanation on the value and importance of empirical demonstration and conceptual importance of the research ideas in different study approaches.
Sources of Ideas - Example: Social Cognition in BPD
- Evidence for disturbed recognition of emotions and thoughts in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is discussed.
- Results of research on BPD's social cognitive abilities, showing differences between patients and controls with BPD using the MASC.
Sources of Ideas
- Curiosity as a source of research ideas (exploring an unexplained phenomenon).
Sources of Ideas
- The case study method, useful in mental health research (intensive evaluation of an individual over time).
- Special populations' study, including individuals with or without related clinical conditions.
Sources of Ideas - Example: Anna O
- The case of Anna O., a woman suffering from temporal paralysis.
- Josef Breuer treated her with hypnosis.
- Anna O.'s case study led to the further development of the “talking cure” by Freud.
Sources of Ideas
- Exceptional cases (individuals who defy the general rule).
- Outliers (extreme values in a dataset, studied to understand variation from the mean).
Sources of Ideas
- Subtypes, exploring subgroups within a broader population.
Subtypes - Example: Early Dropout in Dual Diagnosis
- Investigating factors associated with early dropout in patients with substance-related disorders and co-occurring personality disorders.
- Considering socio-demographic, diagnostic, and personality variables in this investigation.
Sources of Ideas
- Translations and extensions between human and nonhuman animal research, including examples from Pavlov and Harlow.
Sources of Ideas
- Measurement development and validation, including reliability, validity, and construct validity.
Sources of Ideas
- Stimulated by other studies, extending research focus, resolving issues, replicating findings, and extending external validity to new populations and contexts.
Extending the Focus - Example: Social Inclusion in BPD
- Exploring how BPD patients might experience social inclusion despite feeling rejected.
- Investigating implicit expectations of extreme inclusion and its impact on feelings of emotional connection, during interactions.
Moderation/Mediation - Example
- Examining effortful control (EC) as a moderator in the relationship between rejection sensitivity (RS) and interpersonal distress (ID) on BPD features.
- Studying BPD related psychopathology: how it develops through rejection sensitivity, interpersonal distress and low effortful control.
Sources of Ideas
- Many other sources of research ideas, including those found from theory, and experiences.
- Empirical demonstration and conceptual importance are discussed along with how theory and experience are useful sources.
- Rigorous research methods that are important in the reviewing process.
Sources of Ideas
- Studying unresolved issues is important as a source.
- The value of existing literature through reading and writing reviews is important to consider.
The Psychological Impact of Epidemic and Pandemic Outbreaks on Healthcare Workers
- A rapid review of the evidence on psychological impact of epidemic/pandemic outbreaks (e.g., SARS, MERS, COVID-19) on healthcare workers (HCWs).
- Key findings of studies on mental health outcomes, including post-traumatic stress symptoms, depression, insomnia, and anxiety among HCWs during and after outbreaks.
- Factors that may influence the outcomes of psychological distress.
Research Ideas - Overview: Developing Research Ideas
- Overview of developing research ideas that begin the research process, including sources for ideas and methodologies used for studying relationships between two or more variables, including moderators and other important elements of research.
Learning Objectives (Recap of the Course)
- A summary and recap of the key learning objectives for the course.
Recap: Sources of Ideas
- A concise summary of the various sources of research ideas discussed throughout the course.
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Description
This quiz delves into the methodologies and designs used in experimental clinical psychology, focusing on treatment efficacy, evaluation designs, and innovative approaches like Virtual Reality and Experience Sampling Method. It also emphasizes the selection of research problems and how to transition research ideas into operational variables.
