Introduction to Pharmaceutical Chemistry Quiz
43 Questions
0 Views

Introduction to Pharmaceutical Chemistry Quiz

Created by
@FragrantSpessartine

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Penicillin has the capability to treat viral infections.

False

The treatment of disease through surgical methods is typically faster than medical approaches.

False

A drug molecule can consist of one or more functional groups arranged in a defined 3D space.

True

Lorazepam at a dosage of 2 mg can cause life-threatening seizures.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Drug molecules are designed to avoid binding to non-target receptors to reduce toxicity.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Myocardial infarction is treated with a dosage range of 10-12 mg of morphine.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Medication aims to provide therapeutic benefits to a limited number of individuals, typically in rich nations.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The impact of therapeutic drugs is considered less significant than public health measures.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Phenyl is a molecular fragment that is represented as Ph.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Acetic acid and benzoic acid are both trivial names for the same compound.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The systematic name for the compound known as acetone is propan-2-one.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

1,1,1-Trimethyl-3-butene contains four ethyl groups in its structure.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The compound represented as BnBr is benzyl bromide.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Molecules are classified solely based on their physical properties.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Trans-2-Hexenoic acid has a condensed structural formula of CH3CH2CH2CH=CHCO2H.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

In skeletal formulas, the representation of carbon atoms is always required.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hydrogens attached to carbon atoms are usually shown in skeletal formulas.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

FGs refer to functional groups in molecular structures.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The zigzag line is a recommended way to represent chains of atoms in organic molecules.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The IUPAC name of a molecule must always include its molecular formula.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Morphine and alcohol are examples of molecules with no functional groups.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Drawing molecules can omit individual carbon and hydrogen representations in many cases.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alkenes are characterized by having only single bonds between carbon atoms.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

In naming a compound, multiple substituents are indicated by the prefixes di, tri, and tetra.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Substituents should be listed in the order of their numerical positions in a compound, ignoring their alphabetical order.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

When numbering the carbon chain, the end that yields the highest numbers for the functional groups should be prioritized.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

All terminal functional groups in organic compounds such as aldehydes and carboxylic acids are assumed to reside on carbon in the chain.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The IUPAC name for 2,4-dimethyl-1-pentene would categorize it as a hexane derivative.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term 'tert' can be used as a prefix for indicating multiple substituents in nomenclature.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The numberings of carbon atoms should give the lowest set of numbers for both substituents and functional groups.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cyclohexane can have only a chair shape and not a boat shape.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The functional group suffix for an alkene is -ene.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The compound 3-ethyl-4-methylpentane can also be referred to as 4-methyl-3-ethylpentane.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ketones contain a carboxyl group and are named with the suffix -oic acid.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ignoring multiplying prefixes is important when determining the alphabetical order of substituents.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

1,1',2,3,5,6,7,7'-nonamethylheptane is a correctly structured IUPAC name for a hydrocarbon.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The systematic naming of branched compounds starts from the end that yields the largest carbon atom number.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The suffix -ol is associated with alcohols, indicating the presence of a hydroxyl group.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alkyl halides contain carbon atoms bonded to halides and are indicated by the prefix halo- or the suffix -halide.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ethers contain a nitrogen atom bonded to two carbon chains and are named with the suffix -amine.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nitriles contain a cyano group and are indicated by the prefix cyano- or the suffix -nitrile.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cyclopropane and cyclopentane both contain a carbon ring structure.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alkynes are characterized by the presence of a double bond and are named with the suffix -yne.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Pharmaceutical Chemistry

  • The course is PF1009: Introduction to Pharmaceutical Chemistry
  • Lecturer: Dr Tim O’Sullivan
  • Email: [email protected]
  • Office: 2.05 Cavanagh Building
  • P1 Lectures: Wednesdays 3-4pm, LG52

Topics

  • Nomenclature
  • Carbonyls
  • Carboxylic acids
  • Esters
  • Acid chlorides/anhydrides
  • Amides
  • Aromatics
  • Alkanes
  • Alkenes
  • Alkynes
  • Alkyl halides
  • Alcohols
  • Epoxides
  • Amines

Texts

  • Organic Chemistry - J. McMurry
  • Beginning Organic Chemistry : Workbook 2 - G.L.Patrick
  • (An Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry - G.L.Patrick)
  • Partial notes are also available on Canvas

Treatment of Disease

  • There are two main approaches to treating disease:
    • Surgical
      • Labour intensive
      • Time demanding
      • Limited number of individuals
      • Common in rich nations
    • Medical
      • Based on drug molecules
      • Large number of people
      • Shorter time frame
      • Common in developed and developing countries

Impact of Therapeutic Drugs

  • Second only to public health measures in impact on disease
  • Examples:
    • 100 g of salbutamol sulfate relieves asthma attack
    • Intravenous 2 mg of lorazepam stops life-threatening seizures (status epilepticus)
    • Myocardial infarction treated with 8-10 mg of morphine.

Drug Molecules

  • Contain one or more functional groups
  • Arranged in a defined 3D space on a structural framework
  • This enables the molecule to bind specifically to a receptor
  • Promotes a beneficial biological response
  • Prevents binding to untargetted receptors minimizes toxicity.
  • Functional groups determine the way a molecule behaves both chemically and biologically.

Drawing Molecules

  • Examples

    • H H H O
      H C H C C C C C OH H H H H

  • trans-2-Hexenoic acid* (IUPAC name)

    • CH3CH2CH2CH=CHCO2H (Condensed structural formula)

    • (Line-segment formula)

Guidelines for Drawing Molecules

  1. Draw chains as a zigzag line
  2. Omit hydrogens attached to carbon atoms
  3. Omit capital Cs representing carbon atoms in skeletal formulas
  4. May insert Cs and Hs when part of a functional group

Common Functional Groups

Part I

  • Alkanes

    • Contain no functional groups
    • Suffix: -ane

  • Alkenes

    • Contain C=C double bonds
    • Also called olefins
    • Suffix: -ene

  • Alkynes

    • Contain CC triple bonds
    • Suffix: -yne

  • Alcohols

    • Contain a hydroxyl (OH) group
    • Suffix: -ol

  • Ethers

    • Contain an alkoxy group (-OR)
    • X Y ether

  • Amines

    • Contain an amino (NH2) group
    • Suffix: -amine or amino-

Part II

  • Alkyl halides

    • Contain a halide (-F, -Cl, -Br, -I)
    • Halo- or -halide

  • Aldehydes

    • Contain a carbonyl group (C=O)
    • R-CHO
    • Suffix: -al

  • Ketones

    • Contain a carbonyl group (C=O)
    • R1-CO-R2
    • Suffix: -one

  • Carboxylic acids

    • Contain a carboxyl (-CO2H) group
    • R-CO2H
    • Suffix: -oic acid

  • Esters

    • Contain a carboxyl group with an extra alkyl (CO2R)
    • R1-CO2R2
    • Suffix: -ate

  • Nitriles or Cyanides

    • Contain a cyano (nitrile) group
    • R-CN, -nitrile or cyano-

Systematic Nomenclature

Part I

  • IUPAC rules are used for naming
  • Suffix indicates functional group
  • Prefix indicates number of C atoms

Part II

  • Branched compounds named as alkyl derivatives of the longest straight chain
  • Length of longest chain provides the parent name
  • Straight chain is numbered from the end which produces the smaller numbers for the carbon atoms where the branches occur
  • Hyphen must separate numbers from prefixes, numbers, and names
  • Numbers can be used for functional groups which are not at a terminal carbon
    • i.e. substituents on the chain

Part III (Alkanes)

  • Multiple substituents are shown by: di, tri, tetra (not tert!), penta
  • Number C-atoms starting from the end of the chain that gives the lowest set of numbers
  • If two possible sets are equal, the lowest number is given to the substituent that comes first alphabetically.
  • Substituents are listed in alphabetical order
  • Ignore multiplying prefixes when alphabetizing

Part IV

  • Number chains to give the functional group the lowest number
  • Characteristic groups are cited as prefixes in substitutive nomenclature, e.g. halogens
  • Terminal functional groups are assumed to be on carbon 1

Nomenclature MCQs

  • Question 1

    • What is the IUPAC name of the compound shown?

    • Answer choices: a. 2,3,4,5,6,7,8-heptamethylnonane b. 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethyl-2,5-isopropylpentane c. 1,1',2,3,5,6,7,7'-nonamethylheptane d.di-(1,2,3-trimethylbutyl)ethane e. None of the above

  • Question 2

    • What is the correct IUPAC name for the compound shown?

    • Answer choices: a.Dimethylpentene b. 4,4-Dimethyl-1-pentene c. 2,2-Dimethyl-4-pentene d. 4,4,4-Trimethyl-1-butene e. 1,1,1-Trimethyl-3-butene

Trivial Names

  • Some compounds are better known by their trivial names
  • Examples
    • Acetone
    • Acetic acid
    • Ethanal
    • Methanoic acid
    • (Ethanoic acid)
    • Ethyl ethanoate
    • Toluene
    • Pyridine
    • Benzene
    • Phenol

Important Molecular Fragments

  • Some molecular fragments have important mechanistic & structural significance
  • Examples
    • Phenyl (Ph)
    • Benzyl (Bn)
    • PhOMe
    • BnBr

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Introduction to Pharmaceutical Chemistry PF1009 Lecture Notes PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts from the PF1009 course, including nomenclature and functional groups such as carbonyls, carboxylic acids, and amides. This quiz will cover core topics that are crucial for understanding pharmaceutical chemistry and drug treatment approaches.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser