24 Questions
What type of pathways are involved in the breakdown of larger molecules and commonly involve oxidative reactions?
Catabolic pathways
Which of the following is a characteristic of catabolic pathways?
Production of reducing equivalents like FADH2
Where are surplus metabolic fuels stored when intake is consistently greater than energy expenditure?
In adipose tissue as triacylglycerol
What is the dominant hormone in the fed state that promotes glycogen synthesis, TAG synthesis, and protein synthesis?
Insulin
What happens in the fasting state regarding energy usage and stored energy sources?
Stored energy sources are used as needed for energy (ATP)
"Amphibolic pathways" in metabolism act as links between which two types of pathways?
Anabolic and catabolic pathways
What term is used to describe the interconversion of chemical compounds in the body?
Metabolism
Which of the following is not a factor that can result in abnormal metabolism?
Normal secretion of hormones
What percentage of the body's energy requirement is typically met from carbohydrates?
40-60%
Which of the following is an example of an anabolic pathway?
Synthesis of protein from amino acids
Which of the following statements about anabolic pathways is true?
They are endothermic processes.
What mix of macronutrients is being oxidized during the fasting state?
Primarily lipids
What is the fate of glucose in gluconeogenesis?
Storage as glycogen
Which pathway produces reducing equivalents (NADPH) for fatty acid synthesis?
Pentose phosphate pathway
What are the carbon skeletons of nonessential amino acids provided from?
Pyruvate and intermediates of citric acid cycle
What is synthesized from the glycerol moieties of triacylglycerols?
Fatty acids and cholesterol
What process involves synthesizing glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors?
Glucogenesis
Which metabolic pathway oxidizes Acetyl-CoA to CO2 + H2O?
Citric acid cycle
In metabolism, what common product is formed from the breakdown of glucose, fatty acids, glycerol, and amino acids?
Acetyl-CoA
Which of the following is the primary energy source for erythrocytes?
Glucose
What is the fate of the amine group(s) cleaved from amino acids during protein breakdown?
Sent to urea synthesis
Which nutrient breakdown product is directly used in gluconeogenesis to produce glucose?
Glycerol
During muscle glycogen breakdown, what is glucose-6-phosphate primarily used for?
Oxidized in mitochondria
What is the final step in the metabolism of acetyl-CoA that ultimately yields ATP?
Citric acid cycle
Learn about the interconversion of chemical compounds in the body, the pathways taken by individual molecules, their interrelationships, and the mechanisms that regulate the flow of metabolites through the pathways. Understand normal metabolism including adaptation to periods of fasting, starvation, exercise, pregnancy, and lactation.
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