Introduction to Epidemiology and Disease Surveillance

<p>Creating the first vaccine against smallpox (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An analysis of cholera cases from contaminated versus clean water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scurvy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organized community efforts to prevent disease and promote health (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A significant decrease in maternal mortality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To describe the distribution of disease and health-related conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The likelihood of developing a disease based on exposures or behaviors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Personal lifestyle choices unrelated to health (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By utilizing effective strategies for prevention and control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To analyze the effectiveness of specific health interventions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Variations in disease patterns across different demographics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The progression from health to clinical symptoms and recovery or death (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Health-related data concerning populations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hippocrates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The average duration of disease multiplied by the incidence rate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To estimate the average life expectancy of a population. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A correlation between the level of exposure to a cause and the incidence of an effect. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Herd immunity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He conducted a geographical mapping of disease outbreaks. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify underlying causes and correlations with diseases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data-driven approach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify and monitor the health status of populations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He first formulated the person-years concept. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study of how diseases spread and affect populations.

A proposed explanation, not yet proven.

Ancient Greek physician considered a pioneer in epidemiology.

Early statistician who analyzed death records, observing patterns.

Historical records of births and deaths.

Statistical tool to estimate life expectancy.

Statistician who advanced epidemiological methods.

Physician credited with pioneering modern epidemiology.

A sudden increase in the occurrence of an infectious disease in a region.

Proportion of people having a disease at a specific time.

A study demonstrating the impact of contaminated water on cholera cases, comparing water sources in different city regions.

An observational study on maternal mortality rates in two obstetric divisions, highlighting the importance of handwashing to prevent infections.

Doll and Hill's research showing a link between cigarette smoking frequency and lung cancer incidence among British doctors.

A landmark clinical trial testing the effect of differing diets on scurvy, finding that citrus fruits provided a cure.

Development of the first vaccine, demonstrating that cowpox immunization offered protection against smallpox.

Observational studies leveraging naturally occurring variations to analyze cause and effect, often lacking strict control groups.

Branch of epidemiology using structured experiments (similar to clinical trials) to test hypotheses on the causes and effects of diseases

Community efforts to prevent diseases and improve health

The study of risks and making inferences about diseases, considering risks to individuals and populations, behaviors/exposures related to diseases, and inferences based on risk studies.

We all make daily decisions based on perceived risk.

Describing disease patterns, identifying disease causes, and guiding disease prevention/control efforts.

Describing the health of populations, including variations in disease over time and across different groups.

Investigating how exposures and behaviors impact disease risk.

Identifying factors (agent, host, environment) affecting health and the natural history of diseases from initial stages to recovery or death.

Determining important causes of illness and death, identifying high-risk groups, and controlling/eliminating diseases.

Evaluating the effectiveness and acceptability of health interventions, formulating public health policies & classifying diseases.