Introduction to Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Questions and Answers

What is the name of the experiment devised by John Darley and Bibb Latané?

Bystander Apathy Experiment

What does the "Bystander Effect" theorize?

  • People are less likely to help in an emergency if they are unfamiliar with the situation.
  • People are less likely to help in an emergency if there are more bystanders. (correct)
  • People are more likely to help in an emergency if there are fewer bystanders.
  • People are more likely to help in an emergency if they know the person in distress.

    • What famous phrase describes the idea that sharing a problem can ease its burden?

    A problem shared is a problem halved

    Who developed the concept of Psychoanalysis?

    <p>Sigmund Freud</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did Carl Rogers publish his book "Counseling and Psychotherapy" and introduce the term "counseling"?

    <p>1942</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are the three individuals credited with outlining Gestalt therapy in the book "Excitement and Growth in the Human Personality"?

    <p>Fritz Perls, Paul Goodman, and Ralph Hefferline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychologist is known for developing the Hierarchy of Needs?

    <p>Abraham Maslow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does REBT stand for?

    <p>Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who developed REBT?

    <p>Dr. Albert Ellis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the book by Viktor Frankl that provides an existential account of his experience as a prisoner in Nazi concentration camps?

    <p>Man's Search for Meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who developed Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)?

    <p>Aaron Beck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of therapy is Solution-Focused Therapy?

    <p>Future-focused, goal-oriented</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are the two key figures associated with Narrative Therapy?

    <p>Michael White and David Epston</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are the two individuals credited with developing Collaborative Language Systems?

    <p>Harlene Anderson and Harry Goolishian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the early biomedical treatment that involved surgically altering the frontal lobe of the brain?

    <p>Lobotomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for trephination?

    <p>Trepanning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spiritual practices and beliefs hold little significance for healing in many Native American tribes.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Many Asian and African cultures believe that spiritual concerns and practices are separate from psychological matters.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor that therapists should consider when working with clients?

    <p>A client's biological condition and spiritual beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The psychosocial perspective emphasizes the idea that human verbal interactions and relationship changes can influence thinking, mood, and behavior.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wise healers from various cultures have historically used only traditional medicine to treat their patients.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are considered forerunners to modern cognitive theory and therapy?

    <p>Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) and Roman philosopher Epictetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Islamic scholar is known for making significant contributions to the field of Islamic medicine?

    <p>Avicenna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Avicenna believed that psychological disorders are unrelated to biological factors.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the diathesis-stress model suggest?

    <p>Mental disorders develop when an individual has a vulnerability or predisposition combined with exposure to stressful life events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The smaller the vulnerability, the less life stress is required to produce a disorder.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key defining characteristic of a helping profession?

    <p>It nurtures the growth of or addresses the problems of a person's physical, psychological intellectual, emotional or spiritual well-being.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered an allied mental health professional group?

    <p>Physicians (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Psychologists are primarily focused on treating individuals with severe mental disturbances.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of a professional helping relationship?

    <p>It is established between two or more people for the purposes of giving and receiving help.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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    Flashcards

    Bystander Effect

    The phenomenon where individuals are less likely to help a distressed person when others are present.

    Freud's Psychoanalysis

    A method developed by Freud focused on exploring unconscious thoughts and feelings.

    Roger's Client-Centered Therapy

    Therapeutic approach emphasizing the client's perspective and personal growth.

    Gestalt Therapy

    A therapy that focuses on awareness and integrating different aspects of the self.

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    Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

    A motivational theory proposed by Maslow, depicting a hierarchy of human needs.

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    REBT

    Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, focuses on changing irrational beliefs.

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    Logotherapy

    Existential therapy developed by Frankl, focused on finding meaning in life.

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    Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

    A therapy that addresses negative thinking patterns to improve emotional well-being.

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    Solution-Focused Therapy

    A goal-oriented therapy that emphasizes solutions rather than problems.

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    Narrative Therapy

    A therapeutic approach that views people's lives as stories and encourages re-authoring these stories.

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    Collaborative Language Systems

    A therapy that emphasizes how language shapes understanding and relationships.

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    Lobotomy

    A surgical procedure that involves cutting connections in the brain’s frontal lobe, historically used for severe mental disorders.

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    Trephination

    An ancient surgical procedure that involves drilling into the skull.

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    Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

    A medical treatment that induces seizures to relieve severe mental health conditions.

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    Drug Therapy

    Treatment of psychological disorders through medication.

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    Spiritual Perspective in Counseling

    Involves considering clients' spiritual beliefs in therapy.

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    Psychosocial Perspective

    Approach that highlights the interaction of psychological and social factors.

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    Diathesis-Stress Model

    Theory suggesting mental disorders arise from a combination of vulnerability and stressors.

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    Helping Relationship

    A professional relationship established for providing help and support.

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    Helping Profession

    Fields that focus on improving the well-being of individuals, such as therapy or education.

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    Social Workers

    Professionals who provide support and therapy relating to social structures and problems.

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    Family Therapists

    Therapists who address issues within family systems and dynamics.

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    Pastoral Care

    Support offered through religious or spiritual contexts combined with community service.

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    Psychiatrists

    Medical doctors specializing in diagnosing and treating mental disorders with medication and therapy.

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    Counselors

    Therapists working with clients facing personal or developmental issues.

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    Psychologists

    Professionals who diagnose and treat severe mental illnesses and disturbances.

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    Avicenna

    A medieval scholar known for integrating physical and psychological factors in medicine.

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    Study Notes

    Introduction to Counseling

    • John Darley and Bibb Latané created the Bystander Apathy Experiment
    • The bystander effect suggests that distressed individuals are less likely to receive help when multiple bystanders are present.
    • Early humans shared experiences and dreams to overcome problems
    • Freud developed psychoanalysis in the late 1800s
    • Rogers introduced counseling and client-centered therapy in the 1940s.
    • Perls, Goodman, and Hefferline developed Gestalt therapy in the 1950s
    • Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is a famous humanistic psychology concept

    Significant Milestones in Counseling and Psychotherapy

    • Tribal times: Sharing experiences and dreams
    • 1885/86: Freud opened a private practice and developed psychoanalysis
    • 1942: Rogers published "Counseling and Psychotherapy"
    • 1951: Gestalt therapy was founded
    • 1954: Maslow developed the Hierarchy of Needs
    • 1955: REBT, a form of cognitive behavioral therapy, was developed by Albert Ellis

    The Biomedical Perspective

    • Lobotomy: Early psychosurgery, destroying brain connections to reduce emotional disturbance.
    • Trephination: The oldest surgical treatment, drilling a hole into the skull.
    • Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): A procedure that uses electric currents to cause seizures to treat certain mental health issues.

    The Religious/Spiritual Perspective

    • Clergy, shamans, and spiritual leaders have offered advice for centuries
    • Spiritual authority and spiritual practices hold a strong place for many cultures
    • Cultural or religious influences often play a role in mental concerns

    The Psychosocial Perspective

    • Human verbal interactions and relationships affect moods and behaviors
    • Ancient healers used similar psychological techniques.
    • Philosophers like Buddha, and Epictetus, and Avicenna, explored psychological approaches.

    Diathesis-Stress Model

    • A mental disorder arises when an individual has a predisposition combined with environmental stress.
    • Diathesis includes genetic vulnerability and susceptibility.
    • Environmental events cause and trigger the disorder.

    Allied Mental Health Professional Groups

    • Social Workers assist with social structures
    • Family Therapists address family issues
    • Pastoral Care providers focus on religious and spiritual aspects of treatment
    • Psychiatrists deal with significant disorders, with medication and therapy
    • Counselors help people with normal daily functioning problems
    • Psychologists address psychological disorders and symptoms

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    Description

    Explore the foundations and key milestones in the field of counseling and psychotherapy. This quiz covers major contributions from pioneers like Freud, Rogers, and Maslow, as well as critical concepts such as the bystander effect and client-centered therapy. Test your knowledge on how these historical developments have shaped modern practices.

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