History of Counseling
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History of Counseling

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Questions and Answers

Who is considered the father of the guidance movement in counseling?

  • Carl Jung
  • Dr. Sinforoso Padilla
  • Carl Rogers
  • Frank Parsons (correct)

    • What significant change happened in 2002 regarding the American Counseling Association?

  • It celebrated its 50th anniversary as a profession. (correct)
  • It was established as a non-profit organization.
  • It merged with the American Personnel and Guidance Association.
  • It changed its mission to focus solely on mental health.

    • What was the purpose of the American Personnel and Guidance Association (APGA)?

  • To promote educational standards in schools.
  • To organize groups interested in guidance and counseling. (correct)
  • To inform public policy on psychological practices.
  • To provide volunteer counseling services to communities.

    • What was the primary focus of the Psychological Clinic established by Dr. Sinforoso Padilla in 1932 in the Philippines?

    <p>Student discipline and counseling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which act was aimed at professionalizing guidance and counseling practices in the Philippines?

    <p>Guidance and Counseling Act of 2004</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the key missions of Carl Rogers in the field of counseling?

    <p>To promote humanistic approaches and client-centered counseling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was the Guidance Association of the Philippines established?

    <p>1945</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What historical period did counseling emerge from?

    <p>A socially turbulent period at the turn of the 20th century</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skill is essential for counselors functioning as counselors-as-scientists?

    <p>Observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the subgoals in crisis counseling?

    <p>Normalizing feelings and reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a type of counseling according to areas covered?

    <p>Rehabilitative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personal characteristic is important for effective counselors?

    <p>Sincere interests in the welfare of others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of multicultural counseling competency?

    <p>Beliefs and attitudes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which issue is commonly faced by beginning counselors?

    <p>Perfectionism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a goal of counseling?

    <p>Decisive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of a profession ensures its practitioners are competent?

    <p>Accredited training programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach helps in maintaining healthy boundaries as a counselor?

    <p>Developing a strong personal identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does RA 9258 focus on in relation to counseling?

    <p>Professionalizing the practice of guidance and counseling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of guidance and counseling as defined in the Act?

    <p>To develop a well-functioning individual by helping them utilize their potentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a requirement for an applicant to qualify for the licensure examination?

    <p>No prior convictions of any offense involving moral turpitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the subjects covered in the examination for guidance counselors?

    <p>Philosophical, Psychological and Sociological Foundations of Guidance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required from a guidance counselor to practice legally?

    <p>To be registered and issued a Certificate of Registration by PRC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which degree is NOT mentioned as a qualification for the licensure examination?

    <p>Bachelor's Degree in Psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must foreign applicants for the examination demonstrate?

    <p>Reciprocity with the Philippines in the practice of Guidance and Counseling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area is included in the scope of the guidance counselor examination?

    <p>Group Process and Program Development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is NOT part of the focus of guidance and counseling described in the Act?

    <p>Building personal and professional relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of counseling as described in the content?

    <p>To facilitate personal growth and problem resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is counseling characterized according to the definitions provided?

    <p>A structured and theory-based process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Counseling as an ART' emphasize?

    <p>Flexibility and creativity in the counseling process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Counseling is intended for individuals who are considered to function within which range?

    <p>Normal range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization was established to focus on the counseling needs of young people in the Philippines?

    <p>Philippine Association of Guidance Counselors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect does counseling as a science contribute to the counseling process?

    <p>It offers an objective dimension to the art of counseling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of counseling mentioned in the text?

    <p>It is solely focused on educational issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is highlighted as an essential quality of counselors according to the concept of counseling as an ART?

    <p>Being authentic and humane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    History of Counseling

    • Counseling emerged in the early 1900s during a period of great social change, marked by a shift in individual perspectives.
    • Frank Parsons established the first formal career counseling center in Boston in 1909, earning him the title of "father of the guidance movement."
    • Carl Rogers, a pioneer of humanistic approaches, greatly contributed to the development of client-centered counseling, emphasizing individualization.
    • The American Personnel and Guidance Association (APGA) was formed in 1951 to formally organize individuals interested in guidance, counseling, and personnel matters.
    • The APGA later changed its name to the American Counseling Association (ACA) in 1992, better reflecting its evolving membership and mission.
    • The year 2002 marked the 50th anniversary of counseling as a profession under the ACA umbrella.

    History of Counseling in the Philippines

    • The Psychological Clinic was established in 1932 by Dr. Sinforoso Padilla, focusing on student discipline and emotional, academic, and vocational problems.
    • Teachers and officials of the Bureau of Public Schools were sent abroad to study guidance and counseling practices in the United States, England, and other European countries.
    • The Guidance Association of the Philippines, the first formal organization of Filipino counselors, was established in 1945.
    • Congress proposed the establishment of a nationwide guidance and counseling program to assist students in career choices, activities, and relationships.
    • In 2004, the ‘Guidance and Counseling Act of 2004’ was passed, aiming to professionalize the field and establish the Professional Regulatory Board of Guidance and Counseling.
    • The Philippine Association of Guidance Counselors (PGCA) was organized to study the needs and potential of young people and establish a Testing Bureau.

    What is Counseling

    • A professionally trained counselor helps clients with specific concerns, enabling them to gain self-awareness, make informed decisions, and adapt their behaviors, feelings, and thoughts for problem resolution and growth.

    Counseling as an Art

    • It is a flexible and creative process where the counselor adapts their approach to meet the unique needs of each client.
    • It involves a counselor fully engaging with their client.
    • It emphasizes authenticity and human connection, drawing from humanistic psychology.

    Counseling as a Science

    • It balances the art of counseling with an objective approach, providing a structured framework.
    • It encourages counselors to think scientifically, using observation, inference, hypothesis testing, and theory building.

    Counseling and Psychotherapy

    • Counseling focuses on helping individuals achieve their goals, improve well-being, and cope with everyday challenges.
    • Psychotherapy typically addresses more severe mental health conditions, involving deeper emotional exploration and therapeutic techniques.

    Counseling Goals

    • Developmental: Promoting personal growth, self-understanding, and skill development.
    • Preventive: Preventing potential problems through education, skill-building, and early intervention.
    • Enhancement: Encouraging individuals to reach their full potential and achieve desired outcomes.
    • Exploratory: Examining personal values, beliefs, and aspirations to gain clarity and direction.
    • Reinforcement: Strengthening existing positive behaviors and coping mechanisms.
    • Remedial: Addressing existing difficulties and helping individuals overcome challenges.

    Human Dimensional Counseling Goals

    • Cognitive: Focuses on thoughts, beliefs, and problem-solving skills.
    • Psychological: Addresses emotions, feelings, and self-esteem.
    • Physiological: Considers physical health and well-being.
    • Spiritual: Explores one's sense of purpose, meaning, and values.

    Types of Counseling

    • Academic/Educational: Providing support with academic performance, study skills, and educational planning.
    • Vocational/Occupational/Career: Assisting with career exploration, decision-making, and job search strategies.
    • Personal/Social: Addressing interpersonal relationships, self-esteem, emotional well-being, and life transitions.
    • Personal Habits: Supporting individuals in changing unhealthy habits, such as substance use or procrastination.
    • Crisis: Providing immediate support during a crisis, helping individuals stabilize and cope.
    • Grief/Bereavement: Facilitating the processing of grief and loss.
    • Leisure: Promoting healthy leisure activities and hobbies.
    • Pastoral: Offering spiritual and religious guidance.
    • Addiction: Supporting individuals in overcoming substance abuse or addictive behaviors.

    Subgoals in Crisis Counseling

    • Normalizing feelings and reactions: Helping clients understand that their feelings are valid.
    • Defining and prioritizing needs: Identifying and addressing the most pressing concerns.
    • Developing strategies for addressing needs and learning coping skills: Providing practical tools and techniques.
    • Ensuring future mental health: Promoting long-term well-being and preventing future crises.

    Types of Counseling by Participants

    • Individual: Counseling with one client, focusing on their unique needs.
    • Marriage/Couple: Counseling with two individuals in a romantic relationship.
    • Group: Counseling with a small group of people working collaboratively.
    • Family: Counseling with multiple family members addressing systemic issues.
    • Multiple: Counseling with multiple individuals who share a common goal or experience.

    Personal Characteristics of Effective Counselors

    • Have an Identity: A strong sense of self and personal values.
    • Respect and Appreciate themselves: Positive self-regard and self-acceptance.
    • Open to Change: Flexibility and adaptability to new perspectives.
    • Make choices that are life-oriented: Seeking meaning and purpose in life.
    • Authentic, sincere and honest: Being genuine and transparent in their interactions.
    • Sense of humor: The ability to find humor in life's challenges.
    • Make mistakes and are willing to admit them: Embracing learning from their errors.
    • Maintain healthy boundaries: Setting limits to protect their well-being and professional integrity.

    Competencies in Multicultural Counseling

    • Beliefs and attitudes: Recognizing and respecting cultural differences.
    • Knowledge: Understanding of different cultures and their impact on counseling.
    • Skills and intervention strategies: Employing culturally relevant techniques and approaches.

    Addressing Culture in Counseling

    • Be aware of your own cultural background: Understanding your own biases and assumptions.
    • Identify your basic assumptions re diversity: Examining your beliefs about different cultures.
    • Examine where you obtained your knowledge about culture: Evaluating the sources of your information.
    • Remain open to ongoing learning about culture and the therapeutic work: Continuously expanding your understanding.
    • Be willing to identify your personal worldviews and prejudices: Acknowledging and addressing your own biases.
    • Pay attention about the common ground that exists among people with different background: Recognizing shared human experiences.
    • Be flexible in your methods: Adapting your approach to individual needs.
    • Remember that practicing multicultural perspective can make your job easier and be rewarding: Embracing diversity as a source of enrichment.

    Issues Faced by Beginning Counselors

    • Dealing with Anxiety: Managing feelings of stress, uncertainty, and self-doubt.
    • Being Yourself and Self-disclosure: Balancing self-expression and professional boundaries.
    • Avoiding perfectionism: Accepting that mistakes are part of the learning process.
    • Being Honest with You Limitations: Acknowledging areas where they need more training or experience.
    • Understanding Silence: Recognizing the importance of listening and allowing silence.
    • Dealing with Demands from Clients: Setting boundaries and managing expectations.
    • Dealing with Clients Who Lack Commitment: Working with clients who may not be fully invested in the process.
    • Tolerating Ambiguity: Accepting that therapy can be unpredictable.
    • **Becoming Aware of your Countertransference:**Understanding your own emotional reactions to clients.
    • Developing a Sense of Humor: Using humor to lighten the mood and create a safe atmosphere.
    • Sharing a Responsibility with client: Working collaboratively with clients towards their goals.
    • Declining to Give Advice: Focusing on helping clients find their own solutions.
    • Defining your Role as a Counselor: Clarifying your role and responsibilities.
    • Learning to Use Techniques Appropriately: Mastering different therapeutic techniques.
    • Developing your Own Counseling Style: Finding your own approach to therapy.
    • Maintaining your Vitality as a Person and a Professional: Protecting your mental and physical health.

    RA 9258 - The Guidance and Counseling Act of 2004

    • It defines "Guidance and Counseling" as a profession that uses an integrated approach to support individuals in developing their full potential, planning for their future based on their abilities, interests, and needs.
    • It establishes the Professional Regulatory Board of Guidance and Counseling, tasked with regulating the practice and setting standards.
    • It outlines the qualifications for becoming a registered guidance counselor, including a Bachelor's Degree and a Master's Degree in Guidance and Counseling or Allied Disciplines.
    • It defines the scope of the licensure examination for aspiring guidance counselors.

    Profession

    • It is characterized by a specific body of knowledge, accredited training programs, a professional organization, credentialing, a code of ethics, legal recognition, and standards of excellence.

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    Overview of Counseling as a Person and Professional PDF

    Description

    Explore the fascinating evolution of counseling from its inception in the early 1900s to its formal establishment as a profession. Learn about key figures such as Frank Parsons and Carl Rogers, and discover the role of organizations like the American Counseling Association. Delve into the specific historical context of counseling in the Philippines and its development over the years.

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