Questions and Answers
What was a significant outcome of the 1975 PL94-142 Education of All Handicapped Children Act?
Which event led directly to the deinstitutionalization of mental hospital patients?
Which of the following emphasizes the importance of cultural awareness in counseling?
What was one of the main focuses of the 2014 new ethics code in counseling?
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Which organization was founded in 1982 that has been significant for credentialing mental health counselors?
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Which initiative in 2010 was aimed at shaping the future of the counseling profession?
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What was a key feature of the 2003 ASCA National Model?
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In which decade did the ACA see an increased emphasis on ethical counseling and multicultural issues?
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Who helped to establish the National Committee for Mental Hygiene in 1909?
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What was a significant contribution of E.G. Williamson to the field of counseling?
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What was the primary focus of the 'trait-and-factor' theory developed by E.G. Williamson?
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Which psychologist is known for revolutionizing counseling with a client-centered approach?
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What change in the counseling profession emerged during the 1950s?
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Which step is NOT part of the five steps in the trait-and-factor approach?
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Which historical event influenced many psychologists to migrate to the United States in the 1930s and 1940s?
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What development in counseling occurred in the decades following the initial advocacy for mental health legislation?
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What was a direct outcome of the National Defense Education Act (NDEA) initiated in 1957?
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Which counseling approach emphasizes the importance of changing irrational beliefs?
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What significant legislation was passed in the 1970s that expanded counseling services?
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In the 21st Century, which of the following issues has gained prominence in counseling?
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Which of these approaches was not mentioned as a new counseling approach developed in the 1960s?
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Which of the following best describes a major issue related to counseling ethics in the 21st century?
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What service was included under the expansion of the Community Mental Health Centers Act in the 1970s?
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Which factor represents a major consideration for evidence-based practice in counseling?
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Study Notes
Multicultural and Counseling Competencies
- 1991: Establishment of Multicultural Counseling Competencies to promote cultural awareness in counseling.
- 2001: New standards released by CACREP focusing on multicultural competence in accredited programs.
- 2002: ACA endorsed Advocacy Competencies to advance social justice and client rights.
Legislation and Legal Milestones
- 1975: PL94-142 requires access to education for handicapped children, promoting least-restrictive environments and highlighting the need for school counselors.
- 1975: Supreme Court ruling in Donaldson v. O’Connor led to deinstitutionalization of mental hospital patients, affecting mental health services.
- 2003: ASCA National Model introduced improving the framework for school counseling programs.
Accreditation and Professional Organizations
- 1981: CACREP established to establish accreditation standards for counseling programs, promoting quality education.
- 1982: National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC) founded to offer credentialing for mental health counselors.
- 2010: 20/20 initiative set a vision for future counseling practices and professionalism.
Ethical Guidelines and Professional Standards
- 2014: New ethics code instituted, reflecting contemporary issues in counseling such as diversity and technology.
- 1990s: Increased emphasis on ethical counseling developed alongside new theories, life-coaching, and multicultural issues.
Historical Perspectives
- 1909: Clifford Beers founded the National Committee for Mental Hygiene, advocating for improved conditions in mental institutions.
- 1930s: E.G. Williamson introduced the Minnesota Point of View, a trait-and-factor theory outlining a structured approach to counseling.
- 1940s: Humanistic psychologists, including Carl Rogers, influenced psychotherapy with client-centered approaches.
Trends Through the Decades
- 1950s: The counseling profession shifted toward a humanistic orientation, integrating theories of career and child development.
- 1960s: Emergence of new counseling approaches such as Rational Emotive and Gestalt therapy.
- 1970s: Community Mental Health Centers Act expanded services, including rehabilitation for disabilities and educational rights.
21st Century Counseling Issues
- Credentialing processes are evolving to ensure counselor qualifications.
- Ethical guidelines are changing to adapt to contemporary challenges in mental health care.
- Importance of culturally competent counseling and advocacy to address diverse client needs.
- Emphasis on evidence-based practice to enhance counselor efficacy.
- Growing relevance of crisis, disaster, and trauma training in counseling practice.
- Technology and online counseling are shaping the future of mental health services.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the key milestones in multicultural counseling, significant legislation affecting education and mental health, and the development of professional counseling organizations. This quiz covers essential events that have shaped the field from the 1970s to the early 2000s.
