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Questions and Answers
Who is considered the founder of guidance in the United States?
John Dewey was primarily focused on technical education.
False
What did Jesse Davis focus on in his guidance curricula?
moral and vocational guidance
The first professional counselors were known as __________.
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What was the primary goal of the Vocational Bureau established by Frank Parsons?
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Match the following figures with their contributions to guidance and counseling:
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What did Clifford Beers help establish?
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Who is considered the founder of guidance in the United States?
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Which of the following was developed by Jesse Davis?
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The first guidance work involved individuals giving moralistic and direct advice.
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What was the primary focus of Eli Weaver in vocational guidance?
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The process of guiding an ___ is referred to as guidance.
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Which organization did Clifford Beers help establish?
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Which of the following concepts was promoted by Frank Parsons?
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Study Notes
Early History of Guidance
- Guidance first appeared around 1600's, involving moralistic advice.
- The 1800s saw social reform movements contributing to the development of the counseling profession.
- The rise of the Industrial Revolution, increased immigration, and social reform influenced vocational guidance development.
- Frank Parsons played a key role in the development of guidance, establishing vocational bureaus at the start of the 1900s.
Parsons' Impact on Vocational Guidance
- Parsons emphasized systematic vocational guidance in schools, aiming for a national movement.
- He stressed individual counseling.
- Parsons' vision aimed for a collaborative society where cooperation was above competition.
- His principles focused on:
- Expert guidance for difficult decisions
- Individual choice
- Genuineness
Transitioning to Counseling
- Parsons' work formed the foundation of the counseling profession, with concepts like individual choice and expert guidance becoming cornerstones.
- Guidance professionals broadened their roles, including adjustment counseling, curriculum planning, and classroom management within schools.
- Clifford Beers founded the National Committee for Mental Hygiene, advocating for better mental health conditions.
- Child guidance clinics were established by the Committee, necessitating mental health professionals.
- Edmund Griffith Williamson developed the first comprehensive theory of counseling, expanding the profession's scope.
Guidance Beginnings
- Guidance first appeared around 1600.
- Early guidance involved individuals giving moralistic and direct advice.
Social Reform Movements
- The 1800s saw social reform movements influencing the development of the counseling profession.
- These movements included the impact of the Industrial Revolution and a large increase in immigration.
Rise of Vocational Guidance
- The early 1900s saw the evolution of the concept of vocational guidance.
- Frank Parsons: Founded the Vocational Bureau, a key step in the development of vocational guidance.
- He focused on the importance of individual counseling and believed in a society where cooperation was valued over competition.
- Parson’s principles of vocational guidance became central to the broader field of counseling.
Counseling Evolution
- Jesse Davis: Developed one of the first guidance curricula focusing on moral and vocational guidance.
- Anna Reed: Established guidance services in the Seattle school system.
- Eli Weaver: Wrote “Choosing a Career,” a book that ignited vocational guidance in New York.
Expansion of Counseling Roles
- By the early 20th century, counselors were seen as having a role in multiple school functions, such as curriculum planning, classroom management, and adjustment counseling.
Mental Health's Influence
- Clifford Beers: Established the National Committee for Mental Hygiene which advocated for improved conditions in mental institutions.
- The committee established child guidance clinics staffed by social workers, psychologists, and psychiatrists.
- This led to the demand for mental health clinics and psychological assistants.
Early Theories
- Edmund Griffith Williamson: Developed the first comprehensive theory of counseling.
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Description
This quiz explores the origins of guidance dating back to the 1600s and its evolution through social reform movements. It highlights Frank Parsons' significant contributions to vocational guidance and his vision for a cooperative society. Understand how his principles laid the groundwork for modern counseling practices.
