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Questions and Answers
What is one significant challenge Canada faces in maintaining adequate health care services?
What is one significant challenge Canada faces in maintaining adequate health care services?
What role do electronic medical records play in the future of Canadian health care?
What role do electronic medical records play in the future of Canadian health care?
Which of the following factors is contributing to the rising costs of health care in Canada?
Which of the following factors is contributing to the rising costs of health care in Canada?
What type of resources are available to students alongside the content?
What type of resources are available to students alongside the content?
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What is the primary focus of the text mentioned?
What is the primary focus of the text mentioned?
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What unique features are included in the chapters to engage students?
What unique features are included in the chapters to engage students?
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Which component is NOT explicitly mentioned in the book's content?
Which component is NOT explicitly mentioned in the book's content?
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Who is the responsible individual for the content according to the credits provided?
Who is the responsible individual for the content according to the credits provided?
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What is one method mentioned for addressing the future challenges in health care?
What is one method mentioned for addressing the future challenges in health care?
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Who contributed knowledge and expertise particularly related to the misuse of opioids?
Who contributed knowledge and expertise particularly related to the misuse of opioids?
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What does the last chapter of the book focus on?
What does the last chapter of the book focus on?
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Why is the content of the book rearranged in this edition?
Why is the content of the book rearranged in this edition?
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What was a primary recommendation from the second Hall Report regarding Canadian health care?
What was a primary recommendation from the second Hall Report regarding Canadian health care?
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What is one potential consequence of the discussed inadequate funding for health care?
What is one potential consequence of the discussed inadequate funding for health care?
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What aspect of health does the book emphasize throughout its chapters?
What aspect of health does the book emphasize throughout its chapters?
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Which legislative act did the Canada Health Act replace?
Which legislative act did the Canada Health Act replace?
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What must a person fulfill to be eligible for health care under the Canada Health Act?
What must a person fulfill to be eligible for health care under the Canada Health Act?
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Which individual is NOT mentioned in the publishing team?
Which individual is NOT mentioned in the publishing team?
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What is stated about the book's coverage of health care concepts?
What is stated about the book's coverage of health care concepts?
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When was the Canada Health Act enacted?
When was the Canada Health Act enacted?
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Which of the following is NOT a criterion outlined for Canadian health care under the Canada Health Act?
Which of the following is NOT a criterion outlined for Canadian health care under the Canada Health Act?
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What was a key focus of the Parliamentary Task Force on Federal–Provincial Arrangements?
What was a key focus of the Parliamentary Task Force on Federal–Provincial Arrangements?
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Which aspect of the Canadian Health Care system is primarily governed by the Canada Health Act?
Which aspect of the Canadian Health Care system is primarily governed by the Canada Health Act?
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What was a primary purpose of the Cottage Hospital and Medical Care Plan established in Newfoundland in 1934?
What was a primary purpose of the Cottage Hospital and Medical Care Plan established in Newfoundland in 1934?
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What type of services can doctors bill under the outlined payment process?
What type of services can doctors bill under the outlined payment process?
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Which of the following was a characteristic of the Cottage Hospital system?
Which of the following was a characteristic of the Cottage Hospital system?
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What challenges did Indigenous hospitals face after the Second World War?
What challenges did Indigenous hospitals face after the Second World War?
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Which of these services was commonly offered by the Cottage Hospital system?
Which of these services was commonly offered by the Cottage Hospital system?
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What was one notable feature of some of the hospitals in Newfoundland's Cottage Hospital system?
What was one notable feature of some of the hospitals in Newfoundland's Cottage Hospital system?
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How did charitable and religious organizations contribute to healthcare at this time?
How did charitable and religious organizations contribute to healthcare at this time?
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What was a key outcome of the Cottage Hospital system that influenced future healthcare models?
What was a key outcome of the Cottage Hospital system that influenced future healthcare models?
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What types of facilities were primarily used as Indigenous hospitals post-World War II?
What types of facilities were primarily used as Indigenous hospitals post-World War II?
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What was a primary recommendation of the Hall Report regarding private health insurance in Canada?
What was a primary recommendation of the Hall Report regarding private health insurance in Canada?
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What major health care legislation did the Hall Report influence?
What major health care legislation did the Hall Report influence?
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What was a significant change made by the Established Programs Financing Act in 1977?
What was a significant change made by the Established Programs Financing Act in 1977?
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Which aspect was NOT included in the coverage of the Medical Care Act implemented in 1968?
Which aspect was NOT included in the coverage of the Medical Care Act implemented in 1968?
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By what year had all provinces and territories accepted the Medical Care Act?
By what year had all provinces and territories accepted the Medical Care Act?
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What was one identified impact of implementing the Medical Care Act in Canada?
What was one identified impact of implementing the Medical Care Act in Canada?
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What ratio was replaced by the funding formula in the Established Programs Financing Act?
What ratio was replaced by the funding formula in the Established Programs Financing Act?
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What was one of the suggested enhancements by the Hall Report for medical education in Canada?
What was one of the suggested enhancements by the Hall Report for medical education in Canada?
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What was one of the main reasons Indigenous people were segregated and sent to hospitals for tuberculosis treatment?
What was one of the main reasons Indigenous people were segregated and sent to hospitals for tuberculosis treatment?
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How were Indigenous patients with tuberculosis often transported to hospitals?
How were Indigenous patients with tuberculosis often transported to hospitals?
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What significant change occurred with the introduction of Medicare in 1968 regarding Indian hospitals?
What significant change occurred with the introduction of Medicare in 1968 regarding Indian hospitals?
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Which of the following best describes the conditions of Indigenous patients in hospitals historically?
Which of the following best describes the conditions of Indigenous patients in hospitals historically?
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What was one of the traditional practices disregarded in the transition of Indian hospitals to general hospitals?
What was one of the traditional practices disregarded in the transition of Indian hospitals to general hospitals?
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What role did volunteer organizations play in early Canadian healthcare?
What role did volunteer organizations play in early Canadian healthcare?
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In the context of hospitals, what was the purpose of the amendment to the Indian Act regarding Indigenous people?
In the context of hospitals, what was the purpose of the amendment to the Indian Act regarding Indigenous people?
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Which hospitals were specifically mentioned as being separate in Sioux Lookout, Ontario?
Which hospitals were specifically mentioned as being separate in Sioux Lookout, Ontario?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Canadian Healthcare
- Elsevier, authors, editors, and contributors disclaim liability for any injuries or damages relating to the use of the material.
- ISBN: 978-1-77172-169-1
- Publication details including VP, Content Strategist, Director, Content Development, Content Development Specialist, Publishing Services Manager, and Project Manager are listed.
- Print number details are also included.
Dedication
- Dedicated to the memory of the author's son, Spencer, and family members.
Preface
- This unique text provides crucial information about health and wellness in Canada and their delivery.
- It's designed as a foundation for understanding healthcare delivery in Canada.
- The book discusses various components of health and healthcare delivery.
- Chapters have been updated and reorganized starting with the history of healthcare.
- Subsequent chapters discuss government responsibilities, costs of health/illness, the state of healthcare human resources, and the impact of population health initiatives, examining determinants of health, legal/ethical aspects of healthcare, and current issues/future trends.
- Emphasis on connecting chapters and highlighting key concepts, such as determinants of health, throughout the text for students to understand easily.
- Book also includes electronic health information safety/security and social media impact on health care.
- The challenges to Canadian healthcare are discussed—rising medical costs, expensive drugs & technology, and reduced funding.
Learning Features
- Each chapter includes learning outcomes, key terms, chapter summaries, review questions, "Thinking It Through," "Did You Know?," and "Case Example" boxes.
- These features guide students to analyze and discuss facts, perspectives, and real-world situations to improve understanding and explore personal views.
- Online resources are available at https://evolve.elsevier.com/Canada/Thompson/health
Acknowledgements
- The author acknowledges collaboration with the Canadian Institute for Health Information and Health Canada.
- Appreciation expressed for knowledge sharing by Judith Surridge, BScN, Woman's College Hospital, and Dr. James McArthur.
- Gratitude to Lynda Cranston (substantive editor) for meticulous review and editing and to Ellen Hawman for research and citations.
- Gratitude to Lyle Grant for legal review.
- Special thanks to the Elsevier team and Sandy Matos (development editor) for support.
Historical Healthcare in Canada
- Prior to government involvement, healthcare needs were largely met by volunteer organizations, which also funded healthcare (early 18th/19th century).
- The author mentions some details about segregated hospitals for Indigenous peoples and their hardships.
Innovation in Newfoundland's Cottage Hospital System:
- Newfoundland's government responded to isolated communities by creating the Cottage Hospital System in 1934.
- A network of small hospitals was established along the coast, including a hospital built on a boat.
- The hospitals provided outpatient care with immunizations, prenatal/infant care, and home follow-up.
- Outpatient services mostly staffed by physicians/nurses were equipped with operating rooms, diagnostic facilities, and emergency departments.
- Annual fees provided families with comprehensive care.
Segregated Hospitals for Indigenous Peoples:
- Initially operated by churches in the late 1800s.
- After the Second World War, a federal program created separate hospitals for Indigenous people.
- These facilities were often underfunded, inadequately equipped, and poorly maintained.
- Originally established to segregate Indigenous people with tuberculosis — and were often operated with disregard for traditional healing practices or Indigenous culture.
- Examples given include the Sioux Lookout Zone and General Hospitals ultimately merged into the Sioux Lookout MenoYaWin Health Centre.
- Various forms of mistreatment, including experimentation, occurred in these hospitals.
The Hall Report (1960)
- Investigated Canadian health care, contributing to the Medical Care Act (1966).
- Supported a national medicare system, costing-sharing between the federal and provincial governments.
- Proposed improved medical schools/hospitals; increase the number of physicians; replacing private insurance with public plans; and federal government control over funding while giving provinces the implementation responsibility.
Implementation of the Medical Care Act (1968)
- Implemented on July 1, 1968, and accepted by all jurisdictions by 1972.
- Allowed provinces to administer the plan by adhering to universality, portability, comprehensive coverage, and public administration (Canada Health Act) principles.
- Only covered in-hospital care and physicians' services.
- Highlighted the rising need for better community-based care and a reformulated funding model to address increasing costs.
The Established Programs Financing Act (1977)
- Introduced a new funding model covering healthcare and post-secondary education.
- Replaced the previous 50/50 cost-sharing.
- Reduced restrictions on how jurisdictions spent money, allowing community-based services to be funded more effectively.
- Provided more transfer money for an extended healthcare program, enabling expanded intermediate care, ambulatory health care, residential care, and aspects of home care.
Canada Health Act (1984)
- Became law in 1984 under Pierre Trudeau's Liberal government.
- Established equal, prepaid, and accessible healthcare for eligible Canadians.
- Retains importance in Canadian healthcare policy/delivery system today.
Eligibility for Health Care under the Canada Health Act
- Individuals who are lawful residents and considered to be domiciled, not transient or part-time residents, are eligible.
- Each province/territory has its own minimum residence requirements.
The Primary Objective of Canadian Health Care Policy
- This section is not included in the details.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts from the text on healthcare delivery and wellness in Canada. It provides insights into the history, government responsibilities, costs of health, and human resources in the healthcare sector. Perfect for those looking to understand the Canadian healthcare system.
