Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of equalization in Canada?
What is the primary purpose of equalization in Canada?
Which of the following is NOT listed as a current issue in the Canadian healthcare system?
Which of the following is NOT listed as a current issue in the Canadian healthcare system?
What is one of the proposed changes in healthcare service delivery?
What is one of the proposed changes in healthcare service delivery?
What percentage of Canadians reportedly do NOT have dental insurance?
What percentage of Canadians reportedly do NOT have dental insurance?
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What does the Pharmacare Act signify in Canada?
What does the Pharmacare Act signify in Canada?
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What percentage of healthcare funding in Canada is publicly funded?
What percentage of healthcare funding in Canada is publicly funded?
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Which level of healthcare is typically the first point of contact for non-urgent care?
Which level of healthcare is typically the first point of contact for non-urgent care?
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What type of care is characterized by specialized treatment for complex cases?
What type of care is characterized by specialized treatment for complex cases?
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How much of the healthcare funding comes from private sources?
How much of the healthcare funding comes from private sources?
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Which of the following is NOT a delivery setting for healthcare?
Which of the following is NOT a delivery setting for healthcare?
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What is a significant challenge faced by healthcare systems regarding the aging population?
What is a significant challenge faced by healthcare systems regarding the aging population?
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Which act aims to provide coverage for essential medications in Canada?
Which act aims to provide coverage for essential medications in Canada?
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Which of the following best describes a two-tiered healthcare system?
Which of the following best describes a two-tiered healthcare system?
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What is the primary responsibility of the federal government in the context of healthcare?
What is the primary responsibility of the federal government in the context of healthcare?
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Which principle mandates that all residents of a province are entitled to health insurance?
Which principle mandates that all residents of a province are entitled to health insurance?
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Which of the following options describes the principle of portability in healthcare?
Which of the following options describes the principle of portability in healthcare?
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What does the principle of accessibility guarantee in the healthcare system?
What does the principle of accessibility guarantee in the healthcare system?
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Which statement about the Canada Transfer is accurate?
Which statement about the Canada Transfer is accurate?
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What role do provincial governments play in the healthcare system?
What role do provincial governments play in the healthcare system?
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Which principle of the Canada Health Act involves covering all medically necessary care provided in hospitals?
Which principle of the Canada Health Act involves covering all medically necessary care provided in hospitals?
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Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of the federal government in the context of the healthcare system?
Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of the federal government in the context of the healthcare system?
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What was a primary responsibility of the federal government in Canada after 1867?
What was a primary responsibility of the federal government in Canada after 1867?
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What significant change occurred in healthcare financing in 1916 in Canada?
What significant change occurred in healthcare financing in 1916 in Canada?
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Who is known as the founder of Medicare in Canada?
Who is known as the founder of Medicare in Canada?
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What year did provinces begin to provide coverage for inpatient hospital care?
What year did provinces begin to provide coverage for inpatient hospital care?
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What led to increased dependence on charity for healthcare in Canada during the late 19th to early 20th century?
What led to increased dependence on charity for healthcare in Canada during the late 19th to early 20th century?
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Which principle is NOT one of the principles established by the Canada Health Act of 1984?
Which principle is NOT one of the principles established by the Canada Health Act of 1984?
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What effect did the Great Depression have on healthcare in Canada?
What effect did the Great Depression have on healthcare in Canada?
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What was a key component of Canada's social safety net?
What was a key component of Canada's social safety net?
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What shift occurred in 1977 regarding federal healthcare funding?
What shift occurred in 1977 regarding federal healthcare funding?
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Which event in the 1940s and 50s contributed to the idea of universal social programs in Canada?
Which event in the 1940s and 50s contributed to the idea of universal social programs in Canada?
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Study Notes
Canadian Healthcare Delivery System
- Care pre-1867 was provided by families, churches, and local communities. Health issues like poor sanitation and infectious diseases were common.
- In 1867, Canada became independent and the federal/provincial governments were established. Provincial governments were responsible for health, education, and social services for citizens. Federal responsibility was for Indigenous groups, Canadian forces, veterans, and pharmaceutical safety.
- The late 19th and 20th centuries presented challenges. Industrialization and urbanization led to increased disease; healthcare was increasingly costly and only those who could afford it benefited.
- In 1916, municipalities gained the power to use tax dollars for physicians. Before WWII, care was often privately delivered.
- The Great Depression further complicated healthcare access in the 1930s.
- Universal social programs including healthcare emerged in the 1940s and 50s (Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Alberta.) The WWII economic recovery period influenced health outcomes and public policy.
- Tommy Douglas was a key figure in the development of universal healthcare, advocating for equal access regardless of income.
Evolution of Medicare
- Medicare evolved over time, progressing from coverage of inpatient hospital care in 1961 to include medical services provided outside of hospitals in 1972.
- Canada's healthcare costs are shared between the federal and provincial/territorial governments. Initially, costs were shared until 1977, then the federal government provided funding via block grants to provinces.
Canada Health Act
- The Canada Health Act of 1984 aimed to resolve issues of extra billing, by establishing standards for healthcare services via five principles. These principles are: public administration, comprehensiveness, universality, portability, and accessibility.
- The Act outlines the responsibilities of federal and provincial/territorial governments in funding and delivering health care services.
Roles of Federal and Provincial Governments
- Federal government provides financial transfers to provinces, administers national health standards, and covers services for specific populations.
- Provincial governments are responsible for planning, funding, and delivering health care facilities and services (hospitals, care homes, and other facilities)
- They create/manage health insurance plans, manage some aspects of prescription care, manage aspects of public health, and determine covered healthcare services.
- Federal government's funding of healthcare is a significant part of the Canadian healthcare system and continues to grow. Additionally, the federal government has responsibility for equalization payments in the healthcare context to financially support provinces that receive below average normal GDP.
Current Issues in Canadian Healthcare
- Issues like wait times for elective procedures, inaccessible services (outside the Medicare basket), Indigenous health disparities, and access to primary care.
- The need for additional funding, health promotion and prevention, and addressing inequalities in health services.
Delivery
- Health care services in Canada are provided through various levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary care along with rehabilitation and supportive care.
- Healthcare providers may specialize in particular areas to meet the diverse needs of patients. Healthcare is delivered in diverse settings.
- Healthcare services and access are impacted by issues such as climate change, economic status, societal determinants of health, and the aging population.
Policy Changes
- The Canadian healthcare system has a mix of public and private funding and delivery.
- Policy changes and public funding for care and services address issues like wait times, access to care, and health promotion.
- Dental care and pharmacare are areas where access, cost, and coverage have been under consideration and change.
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Description
Explore the evolution of the Canadian healthcare system from pre-1867 family and community care to the establishment of universal healthcare in the mid-20th century. This quiz covers key historical milestones, government responsibilities, and the impact of economic challenges on healthcare access. Test your knowledge of how Canada shaped its healthcare policies over time.
