Module 8: The Canadian Healthcare System

Provides long-term care services for individuals with chronic or progressive conditions. It includes palliative care (focus on comfort and quality of life) and respite care (temporary relief for caregivers).

Combines conventional medicine with complementary and alternative approaches, focusing on the root causes of health issues, not just symptoms.

The ability to understand, access, evaluate, and communicate health information to promote and maintain well-being.

Techniques that registered nurses can use to incorporate integrative care in their practice, including relaxation, meditation, imagery, therapeutic listening, massage, support groups, and music therapy.

Nurses are evolving to take on leadership, innovate solutions, expand their roles, participate in health policy, and contribute to system reform.

The skills needed to find, assess, and use health information online, communicate about health concerns, and use online health resources effectively.

Inability to understand and use health information leading to poor health outcomes, such as hospitalizations and medication mistakes.

Nurses are the primary source of health information, clarify information from other providers, help patients make informed decisions, and are crucial due to shorter hospital stays.

Focuses on understanding information through processes like remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating.

Focuses on attitudes, values, and emotions by engaging with the material through receiving, responding, valuing, organizing, and characterizing.

Focuses on developing motor skills through perception, set, guided response, mechanism, complex overt response, adaptation, and origination.

Includes the physical setting, accessibility, resources, and distractions that impact learning.

Factors that affect a learner's ability to learn, including emotional capability, intellectual capability, physical capability, and developmental stage.

Public Administration: The system is run by the government, ensuring accessibility to all. Comprehensiveness: All medically necessary services are covered, regardless of cost. Universality: Everyone has access to healthcare, regardless of income or status. Portability: Individuals can access healthcare in any province/territory. Accessibility: Healthcare services are available for all, with minimal barriers.

The Federal Government sets national healthcare principles, provides funding through transfer payments, and manages healthcare for specific groups like Indigenous people, veterans, and federal inmates. They also develop national health promotion and disease prevention policies.

Provincial/Territorial governments administer healthcare plans, manage and fund healthcare services, set hospital structures and locations, and reimburse healthcare costs.

The four pillars are Teams, Access, Information, and Healthy Living. Healthcare teams work together, access to services is readily available, information is shared effectively, and policies promote healthy living.

Hospitals, long-term care facilities, psychiatric facilities, and rehabilitation centers are examples of institutions providing specialized healthcare.

Community settings offer outreach and accessible care. Examples include public health, physician offices, community health centers, home care, hospice, and parish nursing.

Health Promotion empowers individuals to take control of their health, providing wellness services and health education to improve overall well-being.

This level focuses on reducing risk factors for illnesses and injuries. This includes clinical actions like immunizations, and behavioral and environmental strategies like promoting healthy lifestyles.

Different methods to deliver information and skills, ranging from direct instruction to active participation and empowerment.

Specific ways to implement teaching approaches, involving activities like discussions, demonstrations, and simulations.

Obstacles that hinder a patient's ability to grasp and apply health information, including literacy, sensory or cultural factors.

A tool that measures a patient's health literacy by assessing their ability to interpret a nutrition label.

Measurable changes in size and dimensions, like height and weight.

A process of increasing functional capacity, involving qualitative improvements and complex abilities.

Four stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, formal operations.

A focus on improving the health of entire populations rather than just individuals, aiming to reduce health inequities.

Factors that influence an individual's health beyond medical care, like socioeconomic status, education, environment, and access to resources.

Nurses working to improve the health of communities, including public health, home health, and outreach programs.

Groups experiencing health disparities, such as those living in poverty, homeless individuals, and Indigenous people.

A system for improving the health of people around the world, emphasizing reduced health disparities and inequities.

Focusing on the interconnectedness of human health and the environment, promoting sustainability and addressing climate change.

The ability to understand and effectively interact with people from different cultures.

Focuses on power redistribution in relationships, ensuring individuals from diverse backgrounds feel safe and respected.

An approach to healthcare that recognizes the impact of trauma on individuals and communities.

Fair and just access to healthcare and health outcomes for all, regardless of factors like race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status.

This stage is characterized by growth completion by age 20, few physical illnesses, and improved critical thinking. Young adults focus on establishing careers and increasing health literacy.

Young adults navigate key areas such as gender roles, career choices, sexuality, and gender identity. They also establish families, which can include marriage, common law partnerships, childbearing, and parenthood. Alternative family structures also become relevant.

Middle adulthood involves adapting to physiological changes, such as perimenopause and menopause, which can impact self-concept and body image. Cognitive changes are minimal unless triggered by illness or trauma.

Middle adulthood brings responsibilities as part of the 'sandwich generation' (caring for both children and aging parents). This stage involves career transitions, changes in marital status, and navigating singlehood. There's also an increased focus on caring for aging parents.

This stage is divided into the youngest old (65-74), the old (75-84), and the oldest old (85+). This population segment is growing significantly, and individuals within it exhibit a wide range of health and functional abilities.

There are stereotypes surrounding older adults, often portraying them as ill, disabled, or cognitively impaired. Ageism in healthcare is prevalent. It's crucial to acknowledge and respect the dignity and independence of older adults.

Older adults adapt to health changes, transition into retirement, cope with the loss of a spouse, redefine relationships with adult children, and strive to maintain quality of life.

Older adults often require care in various settings, including private homes, assisted living, and long-term care facilities. Healthcare assessments prioritize the interrelationship between an individual's physical and psychosocial aspects. It's important to differentiate between normal aging changes and age-related illnesses.