Questions and Answers
What is the average volume of blood in the human body?
5 liters
The pH of blood is between _____ and _____
7.35, 7.45
What is the specific gravity of blood?
Arterial blood is dark red in color.
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What are the three main components of whole blood?
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What is the diameter range of red blood cells?
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Neutrophils make up _____% to _____% of total peripheral WBCs in adults.
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What is the function of lymphocytes?
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Basophils constitute 0% - 2% of circulating leukocytes.
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Match the white blood cells with their correct description:
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What does MCV stand for in CBC parameters?
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What is the reference range for MCH classified as normochromic?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Blood
- Blood functions to transport oxygen, clear carbon dioxide, move nutrients (glucose, proteins, lipids), and remove waste.
- Plays a crucial role in both physiological processes and pathological conditions in the human body.
Blood Characteristics
- Average human blood volume is approximately 5 liters.
- Blood pH ranges from 7.35 to 7.45, indicating a slightly alkaline nature.
- Specific gravity of blood is between 1.045 and 1.065.
- Normal body temperature is about 98.6°F, reflecting the body's homeostatic state.
- Blood is more viscous than water, which affects its flow and function.
Blood Composition
Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
- Red in color, with arterial blood appearing bright red and venous blood appearing dark red.
- Anucleated and biconcave in shape, enhancing oxygen transport.
- Contains hemoglobin, crucial for oxygen binding.
- Average diameter ranges from 7 to 8 micrometers (um).
Functions of Blood
- Key roles include transportation, regulation of body processes, and protection against pathogens.
White Blood Cell Types
Neutrophil (PMN)
- Comprises 50% to 75% of total peripheral white blood cells in adults.
- Size ranges from 10 to 15 um; vital for killing and phagocytosing bacteria.
Lymphocyte
- Accounts for 20% to 40% of circulating white blood cells.
- Diameter of 7 to 10 um; involved in adaptive immunity as effector and regulatory cells.
Monocyte
- Represents 2% to 11% of circulating leukocytes.
- Larger than most white blood cells, typically 15 to 20 um in size; precursors to macrophages and phagocytic cells.
Eosinophil
- Comprises 1% to 3% of white blood cells in non-allergic individuals.
- Measures 12 to 15 um; important for killing parasites and modulating local inflammation.
Basophil
- Accounts for 0% to 2% of circulating leukocytes.
- Size ranges from 10 to 15 um; involved in inflammation modulation and histamine release during allergic responses.
Blood Plasma and Components
Plasma
- Represents 55% of whole blood, composed of 90% water and 8% to 10% solutes.
Buffy Coat
- Makes up 4% of whole blood, containing leukocytes and platelets.
Packed Red Blood Cells
- Comprises 41% of whole blood, primarily erythrocytes and fibrinogen (in non-anticoagulated tubes).
CBC Parameters
Mean Cell Volume (MCV)
- Measures the average size of red blood cells, aiding in the diagnosis of various medical conditions.
Mean Cell Hemoglobin (MCH)
- Hyperchromic: >32 picograms (pg).
- Normochromic: 26 to 32 pg.
- Hypochromic: 36 grams per deciliter (g/dL).
- Normochromic: 32 to 36 g/dL.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the fundamental characteristics of blood, including its composition and vital functions in the human body. Explore how blood transports essential nutrients and gases while playing a critical role in both physiological and pathological activities. Perfect for clinical hematology students.
