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Questions and Answers
What is the average volume of blood in the human body?
What is the average volume of blood in the human body?
5 liters
The pH of blood is between _____ and _____
The pH of blood is between _____ and _____
7.35, 7.45
What is the specific gravity of blood?
What is the specific gravity of blood?
Arterial blood is dark red in color.
Arterial blood is dark red in color.
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What are the three main components of whole blood?
What are the three main components of whole blood?
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What is the diameter range of red blood cells?
What is the diameter range of red blood cells?
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Neutrophils make up _____% to _____% of total peripheral WBCs in adults.
Neutrophils make up _____% to _____% of total peripheral WBCs in adults.
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What is the function of lymphocytes?
What is the function of lymphocytes?
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Basophils constitute 0% - 2% of circulating leukocytes.
Basophils constitute 0% - 2% of circulating leukocytes.
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Match the white blood cells with their correct description:
Match the white blood cells with their correct description:
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What does MCV stand for in CBC parameters?
What does MCV stand for in CBC parameters?
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What is the reference range for MCH classified as normochromic?
What is the reference range for MCH classified as normochromic?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Blood
- Blood functions to transport oxygen, clear carbon dioxide, move nutrients (glucose, proteins, lipids), and remove waste.
- Plays a crucial role in both physiological processes and pathological conditions in the human body.
Blood Characteristics
- Average human blood volume is approximately 5 liters.
- Blood pH ranges from 7.35 to 7.45, indicating a slightly alkaline nature.
- Specific gravity of blood is between 1.045 and 1.065.
- Normal body temperature is about 98.6°F, reflecting the body's homeostatic state.
- Blood is more viscous than water, which affects its flow and function.
Blood Composition
Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
- Red in color, with arterial blood appearing bright red and venous blood appearing dark red.
- Anucleated and biconcave in shape, enhancing oxygen transport.
- Contains hemoglobin, crucial for oxygen binding.
- Average diameter ranges from 7 to 8 micrometers (um).
Functions of Blood
- Key roles include transportation, regulation of body processes, and protection against pathogens.
White Blood Cell Types
Neutrophil (PMN)
- Comprises 50% to 75% of total peripheral white blood cells in adults.
- Size ranges from 10 to 15 um; vital for killing and phagocytosing bacteria.
Lymphocyte
- Accounts for 20% to 40% of circulating white blood cells.
- Diameter of 7 to 10 um; involved in adaptive immunity as effector and regulatory cells.
Monocyte
- Represents 2% to 11% of circulating leukocytes.
- Larger than most white blood cells, typically 15 to 20 um in size; precursors to macrophages and phagocytic cells.
Eosinophil
- Comprises 1% to 3% of white blood cells in non-allergic individuals.
- Measures 12 to 15 um; important for killing parasites and modulating local inflammation.
Basophil
- Accounts for 0% to 2% of circulating leukocytes.
- Size ranges from 10 to 15 um; involved in inflammation modulation and histamine release during allergic responses.
Blood Plasma and Components
Plasma
- Represents 55% of whole blood, composed of 90% water and 8% to 10% solutes.
Buffy Coat
- Makes up 4% of whole blood, containing leukocytes and platelets.
Packed Red Blood Cells
- Comprises 41% of whole blood, primarily erythrocytes and fibrinogen (in non-anticoagulated tubes).
CBC Parameters
Mean Cell Volume (MCV)
- Measures the average size of red blood cells, aiding in the diagnosis of various medical conditions.
Mean Cell Hemoglobin (MCH)
- Hyperchromic: >32 picograms (pg).
- Normochromic: 26 to 32 pg.
- Hypochromic: 36 grams per deciliter (g/dL).
- Normochromic: 32 to 36 g/dL.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the fundamental characteristics of blood, including its composition and vital functions in the human body. Explore how blood transports essential nutrients and gases while playing a critical role in both physiological and pathological activities. Perfect for clinical hematology students.
