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Questions and Answers
What distinguishes selective attention from divided attention?
What distinguishes selective attention from divided attention?
Which of the following best describes sustained attention?
Which of the following best describes sustained attention?
In what situation might distraction occur when utilizing selective attention?
In what situation might distraction occur when utilizing selective attention?
What is a psychological phenomenon commonly associated with selective attention?
What is a psychological phenomenon commonly associated with selective attention?
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What is a likely consequence of divided attention in a work environment?
What is a likely consequence of divided attention in a work environment?
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What is the primary function of the human information processing system?
What is the primary function of the human information processing system?
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In Wickens' model of human information processing, which of the following best represents the initial stage of processing?
In Wickens' model of human information processing, which of the following best represents the initial stage of processing?
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Which type of memory is characterized by a brief storage duration specifically for visual stimuli?
Which type of memory is characterized by a brief storage duration specifically for visual stimuli?
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Which statement correctly describes echoic memory?
Which statement correctly describes echoic memory?
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Which of the following best describes the role of sensory receptors in information processing?
Which of the following best describes the role of sensory receptors in information processing?
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Study Notes
Information Processing and Attention and Perception
- Aircraft maintenance engineers use their senses to gather information.
- The brain processes information from the senses.
- Limitations of the human information processing system are considered.
- Information processing involves receiving information from the senses, analyzing it, and making it meaningful.
Information Processing Model
- Information processing is modeled, encompassing sensory input, central processing, and responding, with feedback loops.
- This model shows, from sensory input, to perceiving information, to central processing (thought, decision-making, working memory, long-term memory), and culminating in actions and feedback.
Sensory Receptors and Short-Term Sensory Memory
- Sensory receptors receive physical input from the environment.
- This information is stored briefly in sensory memory.
- Visual information is stored up to half a second in iconic memory.
- Auditory information is stored up to two seconds in echoic memory.
- This memory allows recognition and comprehension of information in its context.
Attention and Perception
- Attention is the concentration of mental resources on specific elements or events.
- Attention is selective (focuses on one element), divided (focuses on multiple elements), focused (concentrates on a single element), and sustained (maintains attention over time).
- Selective attention allows focusing on one or more significant elements while being conscious of other background elements.
Factors Affecting Attention
- Arousal level and stress influence attention.
- Stress and arousal level can either help attention or damage it.
- Stress or arousal levels can increase or decrease attention depending on the circumstance.
Perception
- Perception is organizing and interpreting sensory data to make sense of the world.
- Relevant information is kept, while irrelevant information is discarded.
- Perception assembles sensations to generate a meaningful mental representation of the world.
- The perception of an identical object can differ from person to person.
Situational Awareness
- Situational awareness involves understanding where you are, what is surrounding you, and what might happen next in time and space.
- It entails knowledge of past position, present location, and future destination.
- Situational awareness is critical in machine operation and navigation.
- It allows evaluating the distance, speed, and directions of surrounding objects when driving.
Decision-Making
- Decision-making is a process to select the best action based on information from senses, knowledge, experience, expectation, goals and context.
- Making a decision can range from inaction to a specific action sequence.
- Utilizing tools like aircraft maintenance manuals assists in decision-making during aircraft maintenance engineering tasks.
- Relying only upon past data and experience is not sufficient in every scenario when making decisions.
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Description
Test your knowledge on how the brain processes information from the senses and understand the limitations of human information processing. This quiz covers the information processing model, sensory receptors, and memory systems involved in perception and response.
