Inflammation Mechanisms Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of mast cells in the inflammatory response?

To release histamine (correct)

To release bradykinin

To convert plasminogen into plasmin

To produce IL-8

What triggers the activation of the kinin system during inflammation?

Clotting cascade factors (correct)

Release of CCL3

Injury to tissues

Degranulation of mast cells

What is a consequence of plasmin activity in inflammation?

Increased seratonin levels

Decreased blood clotting

Enhanced vascular permeability

Promotion of angiogenesis (correct)

Which mediator is primarily responsible for pain during inflammation?

Bradykinin Signup and view all the answers

How does aspirin primarily affect the inflammatory response?

Restricts COX1 acitivity Signup and view all the answers

What role do chemokines play in the inflammatory response?

Modulate local immune responses Signup and view all the answers

Which mediator is activated by immune complexes and leads to slow release during inflammation?

Leukotrienes Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of blocking leukotriene receptors with montelukast?

Decreased airway tightening Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the activation of C3a and C5a have in the context of inflammation?

Increase histamine release Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of macrophages in inflammation?

Produce IL-8 to recruit neutrophils Signup and view all the answers

What role does plasmin play in tissue remodeling during inflammation?

It breaks down fibrin to dissolve clots after bleeding stops. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes is NOT affected by corticosteroids in inflammation?

Histamine release from mast cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which mediator is released in high concentrations to rapidly enhance vascular permeability and induce vasodilation?

Platelet activating factor (PAF) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of chemokines during the inflammatory response?

To modulate local immune responses and recruit leukocytes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of activated kinins in inflammation?

Venous dilation and increased vascular permeability. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cell-derived mediators is activated through immune complexes?

Platelet activating factor (PAF) Signup and view all the answers

How do leukotrienes primarily affect the body during inflammation?

By tightening airways and increasing vascular permeability. Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the inflammatory response does not have an auxiliary cell-derived origin?

Cytokines Signup and view all the answers

Which mediator is responsible for the delayed, slow release aspect of the inflammatory response?

Prostaglandins Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of inhibiting the COX pathway with ibuprofen?

Reduction in vasodilation and inflammation. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Inflammation

Extravasation: Recruits immune cells to injury site; rapid process.
Mast cells: Release histamine, increasing vascular permeability.
Macrophages: Release IL-8, recruiting neutrophils.
Monocytes: Turn into macrophages when leaving blood vessels.
Plasma-derived mediators:
- Clotting system
- Kinin system
- Fibrinolytic system (plasmins)
- Complement system
Cell-derived mediators:
- Auxiliary cells (basophils, mast cells, platelets)
- Lymphocytes
- Monocytes
- Kinins:
  - Release nitric oxide (NO) for venous dilation and vascular permeability.
  - Activated by Hageman factor (XIIa) during clotting, from damaged tissues and plasma enzymes.
  - Produce bradykinin and lysyl-bradykinin.
- Plasmin:
  - Converts plasminogen to plasmin.
  - Activates matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) for tissue remodeling.
  - Promotes angiogenesis via cytokine release.

Cell-derived Mediators (cont'd)

Cell-derived mediators:
- Mast cells, basophils, platelets: release histamine, serotonin, activating C3a and C5a (innate) and IgE adaptive immune responses.
- Rapid release via degranulation.
- Slow release of leukotrienes and prostaglandins.
- Activated by immune complexes.
- Platelet-activating factor (PAF) influences neutrophils, basophils, and macrophages.
- Type 1 and 2 hypersensitivity responses.
- Recruitment and activation of other immune cells.
- Chemokines (CCL3/MIP-1α and leukotriene B4) attract monocytes.

Pain

Pain mediators: PAF, histamine, serotonin, prostaglandins, leukotrienes.
Mechanism: Act on C-fibres causing poorly localized, dull, aching pain.
Arachidonic acid pathway: Crucial in generating inflammatory mediators (prostaglandins and leukotrienes).

Anti-inflammatory Drugs

Ibuprofen: Inhibits the COX pathway but can reduce blood flow to the stomach, leading to ulcers.
Aspirin: Blood thinner, inhibits cyclooxygenase, affects TXA2 (vasodilation), mainly COX-2.
Xylotol: Inhibits 5-lipoxygenase.
Montelukast: Blocks leukotriene receptors.
Leukotrienes: Cause airway tightening and vascular permeability; blocking them inhibits inflammation.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the key mechanisms of inflammation, including the roles of various immune cells and mediators. This quiz covers important concepts such as extravasation, mast cell functions, and the different systems involved in the inflammatory response.