Inflammation and Its Mechanisms
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reaction associated with inflammation?

  • Mutation
  • Apoptosis
  • Damage (correct)
  • Irritation

    • Which action is not associated with histamine acting on H2 receptors?

  • Dilatation of arterioles
  • Bronchodilation
  • Exocytosis
  • Bronchospasm (correct)

    • Phagocytes are able to target antigens in inflamed areas due to which surface presence?

  • Peptides
  • Hormones
  • Ions
  • Receptionists (correct)

    • Which of the following does not qualify as an antiinflammatory mediator?

    <p>Platelet-activating factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for neutralizing free radicals in inflammation?

    <p>Superoxiddismutase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of exudate is characterized by a large number of neutrophils observed under microscopy?

    <p>Purulent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is most closely associated with apoptosis?

    <p>Programmed cell death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mediator is primarily involved in the inhibition of chemotaxis?

    <p>Interleukin-10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are responsible for the formation of prostacyclin in an area of inflammation?

    <p>Endotheliocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does not contribute to protective phenomena during inflammation?

    <p>Emigration of leucocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The respiratory coefficient during an area of inflammation decreases due to which of the following?

    <p>Activation of anaerobic glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plays a critical role in the fixation of leucocytes to the vascular wall during inflammation?

    <p>Fibrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is primarily responsible for acidosis in an area of inflammation due to accumulation?

    <p>Lactic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which cells does the formation of prostacyclin primarily occur?

    <p>Endothelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key factor in promoting edema during the inflammation process?

    <p>Capillary permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During inflammation, which of the following would most likely stimulate fever?

    <p>Interleukin-1 activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance has cytolytic properties that are peculiar in inflammation?

    <p>Bradykinin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are predominantly found in purulent exudate?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are attributed to phagocytic activity in inflammation?

    <p>Monocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During inflammation, what do monocytes predominantly seize?

    <p>Fibrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily involved in neoangiogenesis at the termination of inflammation?

    <p>Endotheliocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of inflammation, what role do neutrophils play?

    <p>They are the main cells seen in purulent exudate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cells is least likely to be involved in the phagocytic response during inflammation?

    <p>Eosinophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is significant in the migration of cells during neoangiogenesis?

    <p>Endothelial cell activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance does not contribute to scar formation in inflammation?

    <p>Collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic anti-inflammatory effect of alpha-macroglobulin?

    <p>Decrease of vascular permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the synthesis of acute phase proteins in inflammatory processes?

    <p>Interleukin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a peptide-origin plasmatic mediator of inflammation?

    <p>Bradykinin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is effective in stopping destructive effects in inflammation by suppressing free radicals?

    <p>Glutathione</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is inflammation characterized as a pathological process?

    <p>Typical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes an event in the inflammatory response?

    <p>Swelling due to fluid accumulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mediator is involved in the vascular response during inflammation?

    <p>Histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most early and transitory reaction of vessels in the microvascular blood stream during inflammation?

    <p>Arteriole dilatation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does not pertain to lysosomal factors involved in inflammation?

    <p>Unenzymic cationic proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular factor is responsible for the development of arterial hyperemia in the area of inflammation?

    <p>Bradykinin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is likely to escape due to increased vascular permeability during inflammation?

    <p>Fibrinogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of the formation of humoral mediators in inflammation?

    <p>Exudation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is most likely to trigger increased vascular permeability during an inflammatory response?

    <p>Histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following proteins is typically elevated in inflammation due to its role in the immune response?

    <p>Immunoglobulin M</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular mediator commonly leads to pain during inflammation?

    <p>Bradykinin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cells play the main role in the process of proliferation in wound healing with rapid recovery and no scar formation?

    <p>Fibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on an exudate with a protein level of 34 g/l, a cell count of 3600/mcl with prevailing neutrophils, and a pH of 6.8, what type of exudate is present?

    <p>Purulent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sign of inflammation, part of the pentalogy of Celsus-Galena, is indicated in the patient with eczema?

    <p>Redness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a case where a patient presents with purulent exudate that has an unpleasant smell, what condition is most likely indicated?

    <p>Peritonitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is most likely indicated in a patient with purulent exudate during pleural cavity puncture?

    <p>Tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of inflammation is characterized by the presence of a large number of purulent bodies due to destruction?

    <p>Purulent inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of cellular response, which type of cell is primarily involved in the acute inflammatory response with a high count in exudate?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by a pleural effusion that is purulent and has a low pH, typically around 6.8?

    <p>Acute bacterial infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Inflammation - Questions and Answers

    • Question 1: Endotheliocytes migrate to areas of inflammation, where they take part in:

      • Formation of vessels

    • Question 2: Resident cells in areas of inflammation include:

      • Monocytes

    • Question 3: Mediator of inflammation that must be inhibited for decreased exudation:

      • Histamine

    • Question 4: Inflammation characteristic of dysentery:

      • Fibrinous

    • Question 5: Inactivator of inflammatory mediators:

      • Decarboxylase

    • Question 6: Physical-chemical change in acute inflammation:

      • Hyperoncia (likely a typo for hyperemia)

    • Question 7: Initial pathogenic factor in inflammatory edema from a bee sting:

      • Increased microvascular permeability

    • Question 8: Glucocorticoids inhibit this enzyme for anti-inflammatory action:

      • Phospholipase A2

    • Question 9: Cells of reproductive origin characterized by inflammation:

      • Uncertain, no definitive answer

    • Question 10: Enzyme responsible for leukotriene formation from arachidonic acid:

      • Lipooxygenase

    • Question 11: Cells that react first to antigen entry:

      • Macrophages

    • Question 12: Surface components on phagocytes for antigen capture:

      • Mediators

    • Question 13: Anti-inflammatory mediators not concerned:

      • Platelet-activating factor (likely)

    • Question 14: Enzyme that neutralizes free radicals to diminish inflammation:

      • Superoxiddismutase

    • Question 15: Exudate type associated with neutrophils observed in microscopy:

      • Purulent

    • Question 16: Predominant cell type in tuberculous exudate:

      • Neutrophils

    • Question 17: Type of exudate from a neutrophil microscopy perspective:

      • Serous

    • Question 18: Substance neutralizing free radicals:

      • Superoxiddismutase

    • Question 19: Anti-inflammatory mediator not concerned:

      • Uncertain, no clear answer provided (likely Histaminase )

    • Question 20: Primary cell type migrating to areas of inflammation:

      • Neutrophils

    • Question 21: Substance that signals endotheliocytes to inflamed areas:

      • Oxygen

    • Question 22: Substance important in area inflammation for prostacyclin formation:

      • Endothelial cells

    • Question 23: Substance not concerned in scar formation in inflammation:

      • Uncertain (likely one of the substances other than Fibrin )

    • Question 24: Main cellular type that forms prostacyclin:

      • Endotheliocytes

    • Question 25: Protective phenomenon not in inflammation:

      • Reparation (likely)

    • Question 26: Cause for decreased respiratory coefficient during inflammatory response:

      • Inhibition of aerobic glycolysis

    • Question 27: Substance for fixation of leucocytes in inflammation area:

      • Fibrin

    • Question 28: Acidosis in inflamed area is caused by accumulation of:

      • Lactic acid

    • Question 29: Cytolytic property of inflammation:

      • Uncertain (likely one of the substances other than Bradykinin )

    • Question 30: Substance observed in oral cavity abscess exudate:

      • Neutrophils

    • Question 31: Cells of inflammation seize:

      • Cells

    • Question 32: Process involving migration of endothelial cells in inflammation:

      • Uncertain (likely neoangiogenesis)

    • Question 33: Cell involved in neoangiogenesis termination:

      • Uncertain (likely endotheliocytes)

    • Question 34: Protein not involved in scar formation:

      • Uncertain (likely one of the substances other than Fibrin )

    • Question 35: Characteristic in acute inflammation of the pancreas:

      • Diffuse

    • Question 36: Inflammatory mediator of humoral origin:

      • Uncertain (likely one of the substances other than Serotonin )

    • Question 37: Substance that increases vascular permeability during inflammation:

      • Bradykinin

    • Question 38: Substance that stimulates fibroblast growth in monocytes during inflammation:

      • Interleukin - 1

    • Question 39: Cytokine not concerned in inflammatory action:

      • uncertain (likely platelet-activating factor)

    • Question 40: Initial reaction of tissues to inflammation:

      • Arteriole dilatation

    • Question 41: Lysosomal factors not implicated in inflammation:

      • Free radicals

    • Question 42: Cellular factor for arterial hyperemia:

      • Kallikrein

    • Question 43: Minimal vascular permeability substance:

      • uncertain

    • Question 44: Substance increasing vascular permeability regarding humoral response:

      • uncertain (likely histamine)

    • Question 45: Humoral mediators of inflammation:

      • Uncertain (likely one of the substances other than Interleukin-1 )

    • Question 46: Process for leucocytes escaping area of inflammation:

      • Marginalis

    • Question 47: Main cause of humoral mediators of inflammation:

      • Aggregation

    • Question 48: Stimulator for the growth of fibroblasts in monocytes:

      • Interleukin-1

    • Question 49: Peptide inflammatory mediators from blood plasma:

      • Uncertain (likely one of the substances other than Insulin )

    • Question 50: Physical-chemical change not concerned in inflammation:

      • uncertain

    • Question 51: Humoral mediators of inflammation:

      • uncertain

    • Question 52: Inflammation of the liver not expressed:

      • uncertain

    • Question 53: Process relating to proinflammatory action in inflammation:

      • uncertain

    • Question 54: Phenomena that is not a part of inflammation protection:

      • uncertain

    • Question 55: Formation of inflammatory barrier in inflammation region:

      • Uncertain

    • Question 56: Infection type that happens due to absence of neutrophils and phagocytosis:

      • uncertain

    • Question 57: Type of exudate in a patient regarding protein and cell content:

      • uncertain

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