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What type of inflammation typically has a longer duration?
Which cells are primarily involved in chronic inflammation?
What characterizes the appearance of tissues in chronic inflammation?
What is a likely challenge faced by a clinician when dealing with patients suffering from chronic inflammation?
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Which of the following is a key difference between acute and chronic inflammation?
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Which of the following is NOT a recognized cause of wounds?
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What is one risk factor that can predispose an individual to develop a wound?
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Which type of wound is characterized by a break in the skin with the possibility of infection?
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Which stage is NOT part of the primary intention healing process?
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What type of wound is an example of intentional injury?
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Which of the following factors does NOT influence tissue healing?
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Which type of wound is most likely to be classified as 'infected'?
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Which description correctly defines a 'contusion'?
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What initiates the closure process during the proliferation phase of primary healing?
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During which phase does collagen production begin to equal its degradation in primary healing?
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What feature distinguishes secondary healing from primary healing during the inflammation phase?
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What is the role of fibroblasts in the proliferation phase of secondary healing?
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What happens to the collagen structure during the maturation phase of secondary healing?
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Which of the following is not a local factor affecting wound healing?
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What is the main characteristic of angiogenesis in the wound healing process?
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Which phase of wound healing may last for a year or more?
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Which complication of wound healing involves the reopening of a surgical wound?
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What is a keloid scar?
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Which complication of wound healing can lead to a passage between organs or vessels?
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What complication commonly occurs due to a failure to adequately address infection in a wound?
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What is a primary factor contributing to complications in wound healing?
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Which of the following is NOT a complication of wound healing?
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Which complication is specifically a result of bleeding at the wound site?
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Which complication involves the abnormal closure of a previously open surgical wound?
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Study Notes
Inflammation
- Acute inflammation is the body's early response, it's short-lived.
- Chronic inflammation occurs after a delay, lasts longer and involves more tissue damage.
- Lymphocytes are the main inflammatory cells in chronic inflammation, compared to neutrophils in acute inflammation.
- Chronic inflammation can lead to a more fibrotic appearance, which can happen as a way to isolate the insult, but also causes scarring.
- Granulomas form when the body cannot clear the insult and attempts to wall it off.
Wound Healing
- Wounds can be intentional (surgical incisions), unintentional (trauma), open or closed, clean, contaminated, or infected
- Factors influencing wound healing include presence of foreign bodies, extent of damage, body's response, health status, and infection.
- Three stages of wound healing: inflammation, proliferation, and maturation.
Primary Healing (First Intention)
- Inflammation: The wound becomes inflamed and a blood clot forms in the first few hours. Macrophages and fibroblasts play critical roles.
- Proliferation: Epithelial cells proliferate across the wound to close it. Angiogenesis, granulation tissue formation, and wound contraction occur. The clot becomes a scab that separates after 3-10 days.
- Maturation: Collagen is continuously degraded and produced. As the balance is achieved, the maturation phase begins. It can last for over a year. Excess blood vessels are removed and the scar loses redness.
Secondary Healing (Second Intention)
- Inflammation: This phase is much more intense with necrotic tissue sloughing on top of the wound. Healing occurs by indirect union of granulating surfaces.
- Proliferation: Similar to primary healing, but more intense. Macrophages are involved. Granulation tissue forms at the base of the cavity, and fibroblasts convert to myofibroblasts to initiate contraction.
- Maturation: Collagen is laid down horizontally, and wound contraction is more pronounced. Tissue appearance is uneven with scar tissue.
Tertiary Healing
- This is a delayed wound closure that involves the third intention healing process.
Factors affecting wound healing
- Local factors: Ischemia (poor blood flow), foreign bodies, and infection.
- Systemic factors: Age, gender, alcohol consumption, hormones, nutritional status, stress, immunocompromised status, diseases, medication.
Complications of wound healing
- Haemorrhage: Bleeding
- Infection: Microbial contamination
- Dehiscence: Wound separation
- Fistula: An abnormal passage between organs or structures
- Keloid scar: Overgrowth of scar tissue
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts related to inflammation and the wound healing process. It discusses the differences between acute and chronic inflammation, the role of inflammatory cells, and the stages of wound healing. Understanding these processes is crucial for recognizing how the body responds to injury.
