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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the inflammatory phase in wound healing?
What is the primary function of the inflammatory phase in wound healing?
- To form scar tissue
- To restore epithelial cells
- To eliminate microbes, foreign material, and dying tissue (correct)
- To lay down collagen fibers and glycoproteins
The migratory phase of wound healing occurs before the inflammatory phase.
The migratory phase of wound healing occurs before the inflammatory phase.
False (B)
What is the main function of the skin in thermoregulation?
What is the main function of the skin in thermoregulation?
Regulating body temperature by liberating sweat, increasing blood flow in dermis when warm, and reducing blood flow in dermis when cool.
The skin's synthesis of calcitriol (vitamin D) aids in the absorption of _______________________ from foods.
The skin's synthesis of calcitriol (vitamin D) aids in the absorption of _______________________ from foods.
Match the following phases of wound healing with their descriptions:
Match the following phases of wound healing with their descriptions:
What is the primary function of the skin in terms of protection?
What is the primary function of the skin in terms of protection?
The skin plays a major role in eliminating wastes from the body.
The skin plays a major role in eliminating wastes from the body.
What is the primary function of Langerhans cells in the skin?
What is the primary function of Langerhans cells in the skin?
The skin's blood reservoir function accounts for approximately __________ of total blood flow in resting adults.
The skin's blood reservoir function accounts for approximately __________ of total blood flow in resting adults.
What type of scar forms when scar tissue grows beyond the original wound boundaries?
What type of scar forms when scar tissue grows beyond the original wound boundaries?
What are the three layers of the skin?
What are the three layers of the skin?
Ganglia are found in the Central Nervous System.
Ganglia are found in the Central Nervous System.
What are the functions of the skin?
What are the functions of the skin?
Neural crest cells give rise to ______________________________ cells.
Neural crest cells give rise to ______________________________ cells.
Match the following glial cells with their location:
Match the following glial cells with their location:
The hypodermis is the most superficial layer of the skin.
The hypodermis is the most superficial layer of the skin.
The integumentary system includes the ______________________________ and all of its accessory structures.
The integumentary system includes the ______________________________ and all of its accessory structures.
What is the main function of the integumentary system?
What is the main function of the integumentary system?
What is the most numerous type of papillae on the tongue?
What is the most numerous type of papillae on the tongue?
Foliate papillae are well-developed in humans.
Foliate papillae are well-developed in humans.
What is the main function of the von Ebner's glands?
What is the main function of the von Ebner's glands?
The respiratory tract can be divided into the upper and lower respiratory tracts, with the ___________ separating the two.
The respiratory tract can be divided into the upper and lower respiratory tracts, with the ___________ separating the two.
What is the main function of the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavities?
What is the main function of the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavities?
The trachea is a part of the upper respiratory tract.
The trachea is a part of the upper respiratory tract.
What is the name of the glands associated with the circumvallate papillae?
What is the name of the glands associated with the circumvallate papillae?
Match the following respiratory system components with their respective functions:
Match the following respiratory system components with their respective functions:
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Study Notes
Wound Healing Phases
- Inflammatory phase: blood clot forms, uniting wound edges, eliminating microbes, foreign material, and dying tissue, and increasing local blood vessel diameter to deliver nutrients, immune cells, and fibroblasts.
- Migratory phase: clot dries into scab, epithelial cells migrate beneath scab, fibroblasts migrate and lay down collagen fibers and glycoproteins in dermis, and new blood vessels grow, forming granulation tissue destined to become scar tissue.
- Proliferative phase: extensive growth of epithelium, deposition of collagen in random patterns by fibroblasts, and continued growth of blood vessels.
- Maturation phase: scab sloughs off, granulation tissue develops into scar tissue, fibroblasts decrease in number, and blood vessels return to normal.
Functions of Skin
- Thermoregulation: regulates body temperature, liberating sweat for evaporative cooling, increasing blood flow in dermis when hot, and reducing blood flow when cool.
- Blood storage: 8-10% of total blood flow in resting adults found in dermal blood vessels.
- Protection: from invasion by microbes, abrasion, heat, chemicals, and water evaporation/absorption, with sebum and pH of sweat being antimicrobial, melanin protecting from UV radiation, Langerhans cells active in immunity, and macrophages phagocytizing bacteria and viruses.
- Cutaneous sensations: tactile (touch, pressure, vibration, tickling), thermal (warmth and coolness), and pain (usually indicating impending or actual tissue damage).
- Excretion and absorption: minor role in eliminating wastes, absorbing materials from external environment, with sweat excreting water, salts, carbon dioxide, ammonia, and urea.
- Synthesis of calcitrol (vitamin D): synthesized in response to UV exposure, aiding in calcium absorption from foods.
Digestive System
- Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and accessory organs and glands.
- Laboratory materials: slide samples of esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestine, recto-anal junction, and appendix.
General Histological Features
- Epithelium: different supporting glial cells found in central and peripheral nervous systems, with distinct positions, characteristic features, and roles.
- Neural crest cells give rise to sensory neurons, Schwann cells, and satellite cells of ganglia.
Integumentary System
- Skin and all of its accessory structures, including hair, nails, nerves, blood vessels, glands, and muscles.
- Cutaneous membrane: another name for skin.
- Functions: temperature regulation, water repellent, barrier to external environment, providing sensory information, excreting wastes, and synthesizing vitamin D.
Skin Composition
- Layers of integument: epidermis (most superficial), dermis (deep to epidermis), and hypodermis (anchors dermis).
Skin Structure
- Two principal parts of the skin: epidermis (thin, epithelial tissue) and dermis (deep to epidermis).
- Epidermis has three types of papillae: filiform (short bristles), fungiform (more globular than filiform), and circumvallate (contains most taste buds).
Respiratory System
- Upper respiratory tract: nasal cavities to nasopharynx.
- Lower respiratory tract: larynx to respiratory bronchioles.
- Laboratory materials: nasal cavities with olfactory epithelium, trachea, bronchus, larynx, epiglottis, bronchiole, and lungs (bronchi, bronchioles, terminal and respiratory).
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