16 Questions
What happens to the endothelium when monocytes become sticky and attach to it?
It produces less anticoagulant and vasodilating cytokines
What do foam cells release that further the process of atherogenesis?
Inflammatory cytokines
What is one signal recognized by surface receptors on the macrophage that triggers the inflammatory response?
Oxidation of low density lipoproteins (LDLs)
What do phagocytes release in response to the inflammatory triggers?
Leukotrienes or arachidonic acid-like compounds
What happens to the LDLs once consumed by macrophages?
They oxidize and transform into foam cells
What is the result of injury or elevated cholesterol on monocytes?
They become sticky and attach to the endothelium
Which of the following protein mediators released by phagocytes interacts with local tissue cells in a pro or anti-inflammatory way?
Cytokines
What is the role of T lymphocytes from the immune system in the presence of inflammation?
They respond to adhesion molecules
Which of the following cytokines promotes inflammation in the context of atherosclerosis?
Interferon-gamma
What is a leading hypothesis regarding the autoimmune component of atherosclerosis?
T-cells recognize autoantigens contributing to inflammation
In the context of inflammation, what may lead to an autoimmune response in atherosclerosis?
Activation of effector T-cells
What is the role of Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis?
Recognized by B-cells in a pro-atherogenic autoimmune response
What happens when smooth muscle proliferation occurs in response to endotheial injury?
The endothelial layer pouches out, making the vessel smaller
Which of the following promotes inflammation in the context of atherosclerosis?
Platelets adhering and aggregating at the site of injury
What is the role of regulatory T-cells in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis?
Serving an athero-protective role
What causes platelets to adhere and aggregate at the site of endotheial injury?
Exposure of subendothelium to blood components
Explore the role of inflammation in the progression of a particular disease, atherosclerosis. Understand the impact of injury and elevated cholesterol on the endothelium and the attachment of monocytes to the endothelial cells.
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