Industrial Town Conditions and Social Classes

What common disease was NOT mentioned as prevalent in the towns during the 1800s?

Which class had the largest population in the 18th and 19th centuries?

What was a major issue faced by industrial towns regarding hygiene?

At what age did upper-class children typically start attending private schools?

What role did magistrates play in the context of law enforcement in the 1800s?

What was a common method of execution during this period?

Which group primarily monitored the streets at night in larger towns?

How were the housing conditions in industrial towns characterized?

Which magistrate is known for establishing the Bow Street Runners?

What was a common fate for children from working-class families in the 1700s and 1800s?

What year was the Metropolitan Police established?

How many constables were typically present in some areas?

Which individual is infamously associated with the unsolved murders in the East End?

What was the initial public perception of the Metropolitan Police?

What was the conviction rate for major crimes in 1830?

What action did the police take to attract Jack the Ripper?

Industrial Town Conditions

Industrial towns like Sheffield, Manchester, Liverpool, and Birmingham faced severe sanitation issues.
Housing was cramped, often in back-to-back terraces.
Living conditions were overcrowded, with multiple families often sharing one small room.
Sewage flowed onto streets and into rivers, contaminated water sources.
Lack of disposal systems, collection, and cleaning contributed to widespread disease.
Common diseases included typhoid, tuberculosis, and cholera.

Society was composed of upper, middle, and working classes.
The classes were stratified like a pyramid, with the upper class at the top.
Educational opportunities varied greatly by class.
Working class children often worked or became apprentices.
Middle class children received education and had better job prospects.
Upper class children received private tutoring and attended exclusive schools.

Criminal Justice System

18th and 19th-century law enforcement relied on a system of watches, magistrates, and constables.
Catching criminals was challenging.
There were numerous capital crimes that resulted in severe punishments like hanging.
The public often witnessed executions.
The system did not always consistently apply justice.

Early Police Forces

The Bow Street Runners, a group of London officers, were an early form of a police force.
Robert Peel established the Metropolitan Police in 1829.
The police force faced initial skepticism and negative reactions.
The force, composed mainly from ex-soldiers, gradually gained public trust.
Increased police presence correlated with a reduction in crime rates.

Jack the Ripper

Jack the Ripper was a serial killer who terrorised Whitechapel's East End in the 1880s.
The Ripper's operations targeted specific victims in the area.
The police investigated extensive efforts, but the killer was never caught.
The Ripper's crimes took place in a densely populated and impoverished area.

Explore the harsh living conditions of industrial towns like Sheffield and Manchester, where sanitation issues led to severe health problems. Discover the social class structure of the time, highlighting the disparities in education and opportunities among the upper, middle, and working classes.