Industrial Revolution Overview
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Questions and Answers

What was the Industrial Revolution?

  • Time period where factory machines replaced hand tools. (correct)
  • A period of agricultural advancement.
  • An era focused on artisanal craftsmanship.
  • None of the above.

    • What is the Factory System?

    A method of production that brought many workers and machines together into one building.

    What were the Lowell Mills?

    Textile mills in the village that employed farm girls who lived in company-owned boarding houses.

    What are interchangeable parts?

    <p>Machine parts that are exactly alike.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Cotton Gin?

    <p>A machine for cleaning cotton more efficiently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are spirituals?

    <p>A religious folk song, often created and sung by African Americans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is nationalism?

    <p>Feeling of pride, loyalty, and protectiveness toward one's country.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the American System?

    <p>A plan introduced in 1815 to make the United States economically self-sufficient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Erie Canal?

    <p>Created a water route between New York City and Buffalo.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is sectionalism?

    <p>Loyalty to the interests of one's own region rather than the nation as a whole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Missouri Compromise?

    <p>A series of laws enacted in 1820 to maintain the balance of power in the Senate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Monroe Doctrine?

    <p>A policy of U.S. opposition to any European interference in the Western Hemisphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Samuel Slater?

    <p>A 1789 immigrant from England who built the first successful water-powered textile mill in America.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who invented the steamboat?

    <p>Robert Fulton.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Samuel Morse?

    <p>Inventor of the telegraph.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What system did Francis Cabot Lowell develop?

    <p>The Lowell system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Eli Whitney?

    <p>Inventor of a machine for cleaning cotton (the cotton gin).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Nat Turner?

    <p>An African American slave who led a famous slave rebellion in Virginia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Henry Clay?

    <p>Senator who promoted the American System and accepted the Missouri Compromise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was James Monroe?

    <p>Won the presidential election of 1816 as a Democratic Republican.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Industrial Revolution

    • Transition from hand tools to factory machines, marking a shift from agriculture to large-scale manufacturing as main employment.

    Factory System

    • Production method consolidating workers and machines into one facility, enhancing efficiency and output.

    Lowell Mills

    • Textile mills located in Lowell, Massachusetts, employing farm girls in company-owned housing, pivotal in early industrial workforce development.

    Interchangeable Parts

    • Identical machine components, facilitating easier assembly and repair, crucial for mass production.

    Cotton Gin

    • Innovative machine that significantly increased cotton cleaning efficiency, allowing one worker to process up to 50 pounds per day.

    Spirituals

    • Religious folk songs primarily created by African Americans, reflecting cultural heritage and resilience.

    Nationalism

    • A profound sense of pride and allegiance towards one's nation, influencing American identity post-Revolution.

    American System

    • Economic strategy proposed in 1815 aimed at self-sufficiency through protective tariffs, a national bank, and infrastructure improvements.

    Erie Canal

    • Completed in 1825, it connected New York City to Buffalo, facilitating trade and settlement in the upper Ohio Valley and Great Lakes region.

    Sectionalism

    • Loyalty to regional interests over national unity, often leading to tensions between different areas of the United States.

    Missouri Compromise

    • Enacted in 1820 to maintain Senate balance between free and slave states; admitted Maine as free and Missouri as slave.

    Monroe Doctrine

    • Announced in 1823, this policy opposed European interference in the Western Hemisphere, aiming to curb further colonization in the Americas.

    Samuel Slater

    • English immigrant credited with establishing America's first successful water-powered textile mill in 1789.

    Robert Fulton

    • Innovator of the steamboat capable of traveling upstream, revolutionizing transportation and commerce.

    Samuel Morse

    • Creator of the telegraph in 1837, enabling long-distance communication via electrical signals along wires.

    Francis Cabot Lowell

    • Pioneer of the Lowell system, integrating spinning and weaving processes in a single mill, promoting efficiency.

    Eli Whitney

    • Inventor of the cotton gin, significantly altering Southern economy and agriculture during the 19th century.

    Nat Turner

    • African American slave who led a significant rebellion in Virginia in 1831, resulting in the deaths of 55 white individuals.

    Henry Clay

    • Influential senator known for advocating the American System and facilitating the Missouri Compromise through Congress.

    James Monroe

    • Democratic-Republican presidential candidate who won the 1816 election, capitalizing on a surge in national pride.

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    Description

    This study guide covers key terms related to the Industrial Revolution, including definitions and significance. It explores the transformation of work from agriculture to manufacturing and the emergence of the factory system. Perfect for students seeking to understand this pivotal period in history.

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