Questions and Answers
What was the Industrial Revolution?
What is the Factory System?
A method of production that brought many workers and machines together into one building.
What were the Lowell Mills?
Textile mills in the village that employed farm girls who lived in company-owned boarding houses.
What are interchangeable parts?
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What is the Cotton Gin?
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What are spirituals?
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What is nationalism?
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What is the American System?
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What was the Erie Canal?
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What is sectionalism?
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What was the Missouri Compromise?
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What is the Monroe Doctrine?
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Who was Samuel Slater?
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Who invented the steamboat?
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Who was Samuel Morse?
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What system did Francis Cabot Lowell develop?
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Who was Eli Whitney?
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Who was Nat Turner?
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Who was Henry Clay?
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Who was James Monroe?
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Study Notes
Industrial Revolution
- Transition from hand tools to factory machines, marking a shift from agriculture to large-scale manufacturing as main employment.
Factory System
- Production method consolidating workers and machines into one facility, enhancing efficiency and output.
Lowell Mills
- Textile mills located in Lowell, Massachusetts, employing farm girls in company-owned housing, pivotal in early industrial workforce development.
Interchangeable Parts
- Identical machine components, facilitating easier assembly and repair, crucial for mass production.
Cotton Gin
- Innovative machine that significantly increased cotton cleaning efficiency, allowing one worker to process up to 50 pounds per day.
Spirituals
- Religious folk songs primarily created by African Americans, reflecting cultural heritage and resilience.
Nationalism
- A profound sense of pride and allegiance towards one's nation, influencing American identity post-Revolution.
American System
- Economic strategy proposed in 1815 aimed at self-sufficiency through protective tariffs, a national bank, and infrastructure improvements.
Erie Canal
- Completed in 1825, it connected New York City to Buffalo, facilitating trade and settlement in the upper Ohio Valley and Great Lakes region.
Sectionalism
- Loyalty to regional interests over national unity, often leading to tensions between different areas of the United States.
Missouri Compromise
- Enacted in 1820 to maintain Senate balance between free and slave states; admitted Maine as free and Missouri as slave.
Monroe Doctrine
- Announced in 1823, this policy opposed European interference in the Western Hemisphere, aiming to curb further colonization in the Americas.
Samuel Slater
- English immigrant credited with establishing America's first successful water-powered textile mill in 1789.
Robert Fulton
- Innovator of the steamboat capable of traveling upstream, revolutionizing transportation and commerce.
Samuel Morse
- Creator of the telegraph in 1837, enabling long-distance communication via electrical signals along wires.
Francis Cabot Lowell
- Pioneer of the Lowell system, integrating spinning and weaving processes in a single mill, promoting efficiency.
Eli Whitney
- Inventor of the cotton gin, significantly altering Southern economy and agriculture during the 19th century.
Nat Turner
- African American slave who led a significant rebellion in Virginia in 1831, resulting in the deaths of 55 white individuals.
Henry Clay
- Influential senator known for advocating the American System and facilitating the Missouri Compromise through Congress.
James Monroe
- Democratic-Republican presidential candidate who won the 1816 election, capitalizing on a surge in national pride.
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Description
This study guide covers key terms related to the Industrial Revolution, including definitions and significance. It explores the transformation of work from agriculture to manufacturing and the emergence of the factory system. Perfect for students seeking to understand this pivotal period in history.
