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Questions and Answers
What was the first transdermal patch approved by the FDA for treating motion sickness?
What was the first transdermal patch approved by the FDA for treating motion sickness?
Which of the following best describes the primary advantage of transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) compared to oral drug delivery?
Which of the following best describes the primary advantage of transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) compared to oral drug delivery?
Which of the following factors does NOT directly affect transdermal permeability of drugs?
Which of the following factors does NOT directly affect transdermal permeability of drugs?
What is the approximate estimated market size for transdermal devices as stated?
What is the approximate estimated market size for transdermal devices as stated?
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Which route of drug permeation involves drug molecules passing through the cells of the stratum corneum?
Which route of drug permeation involves drug molecules passing through the cells of the stratum corneum?
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In the early 1980s, which product primarily helped establish the market for transdermal patches?
In the early 1980s, which product primarily helped establish the market for transdermal patches?
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What is the primary therapeutic effect targeted by transdermal drug delivery systems?
What is the primary therapeutic effect targeted by transdermal drug delivery systems?
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Which component of the skin primarily affects the diffusion of hydrophilic drugs?
Which component of the skin primarily affects the diffusion of hydrophilic drugs?
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Which of the following is a primary characteristic of first-generation transdermal patches?
Which of the following is a primary characteristic of first-generation transdermal patches?
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Which of these processes refers to drug molecules diffusing through lipid-rich regions of the skin?
Which of these processes refers to drug molecules diffusing through lipid-rich regions of the skin?
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Study Notes
Industrial Pharmacy - Lecture 6: Transdermal Drug Delivery System
- Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) deliver drugs through the skin to systemic circulation at a fixed rate
- TDDS maintains clinically required effective drug concentrations over an extended period
- TDDS is a better alternative to oral drug delivery, as it provides controlled drug release, minimizing serum drug concentration
- Early transdermal patches, focused on controlling nausea, vomiting, and angina were not commercially successful due to poor market acceptance
- Subsequent nicotine patches for smoking cessation demonstrated the need and potential for TDDS
- Today, transdermal patches are widely used for hormone and pain management
- FDA approved the first transdermal patch, Transderm-Scop®, for motion sickness treatment in 1979
- The market for transdermal drug delivery systems is significant, estimated at several billion dollars
- Drug delivery systems are used to transport medications to specific body sites at a controlled rate for effective treatment
- TDDS allows administration of drugs that cause gastrointestinal upset, drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, and drugs requiring extended therapy
Transdermal Drug Delivery System (TDDS)
- TDDS delivers drugs directly into the bloodstream via the skin
- This avoids the first-pass metabolism effect often seen in oral drug administration
- Drug concentration is stable and constant resulting in consistent therapeutic outcomes
Advantages of Transdermal Drug Delivery System
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Avoids first pass metabolism
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Steady permeation of drug through skin
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Non-invasive, allowing for convenient drug delivery
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Flexible administration. Drugs can be easily stopped simply by removing the patch from the skin
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Alternative to oral dosage forms, ideal for patients who cannot tolerate oral medications
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Self-administration is possible
Disadvantages of Transdermal Drug Delivery System
- Skin irritation or hypersensitivity
- Varying skin properties at different locations and in different individuals
- Limited delivery of highly hydrophilic drugs, as they usually permeate the skin slowly
- In general, TDDS are less effective for high drug doses
Comparison of Drug Delivery
- IV, Oral, and TDDS are compared for avoidance of hepatic first-pass effect and self-administration.
- TDDS are effective for achieving consistent serum drug levels
- TDDS enable treatment termination depending on patient circumstances
- The skin of a healthy adult covers approximately 2 square meters
Structure of Skin
- Epidermis — outermost layer, containing the stratum corneum
- Dermis — middle layer
- Hypodermis — inner layer
Routes of Drug Permeation
- Drugs can permeate the skin through Intracellular or Intercellular passage.
- Intracellular: Drugs pass between cells of the stratum corneum
- Intercellular: Drugs dissolve in the non-aqueous lipid matrix, passing across lipid regions
Transappendageal Penetration
- Drugs can penetrate through hair follicles, sweat glands, or sebaceous glands
Factors Affecting Transdermal Drug Permeability
- Physicochemical properties of the drug
- Physicochemical properties of the drug delivery system
- Physiological properties of the skin
Ideal Drug Properties for TDDS
- Low dose, low half-life, and low molecular weight
- High lipophilicity
- Low oral bioavailability and narrow therapeutic index
- Specific melting point and pH range
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDS), including their advantages over traditional oral delivery methods. It discusses historical developments, FDA approvals, and contemporary applications in drug administration. Test your knowledge on how TDDS can effectively manage conditions like nausea and pain.
