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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of the stratum corneum in the human skin?
Which component of the human skin is responsible for providing a thermal barrier and storing energy-producing chemicals?
What is the primary purpose of transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) mentioned in the text?
Which type of formulations are commonly prescribed or purchased for conditions like eczema and psoriasis?
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What is the approximate thickness of the stratum corneum, which acts as a major barrier to penetration?
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Which component of human skin consists of connective tissues woven from proteins like collagen and elastin?
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What is the primary barrier to drug delivery in the skin?
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Which of the following is NOT an advantage of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDS)?
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Which of the following properties is NOT desired for drugs delivered through the skin?
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Which of the following factors can enhance drug delivery through the skin?
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Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDS)?
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Which layer of the skin is composed of dead epidermal cells (keratinocytes)?
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What is the approximate proportion of repeat prescriptions that are for application to the skin, according to the text?
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Which protein is NOT mentioned as a component of dermis connective tissues in the text?
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Based on the text, which of these is NOT a purpose of the human skin?
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Which of these is NOT a formulation associated with Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDS), according to the text?
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Which of these is NOT a common preparation prescribed or purchased for skin conditions, according to the text?
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Which of these is NOT a function of the epidermis, according to the text?
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What physicochemical property of a drug makes it difficult to be delivered through the skin?
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Which statement best describes the impact of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDS) on patient compliance?
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Which therapeutic area benefits least from Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDS)?
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Which statement best describes the bioavailability of drugs delivered through TDDS?
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Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDS)?
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Which of the following statements best describes the role of the stratum corneum in Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDS)?
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Study Notes
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDS)
- TDDS involve non-invasive drug delivery through the skin for local and systemic effects.
- 40 million prescription items for skin-related conditions are dispensed in England annually, with 20% of repeat prescriptions for application to the skin.
Human Skin
- The epidermis varies in thickness, with 800 mm in palms and 6 mm in eyelids.
- The stratum corneum is the outermost layer, serving as a barrier to penetration.
- The dermis consists of connective tissues woven from proteins like collagen, elastin, and reticulin, with a blood supply, nerves, and skin appendages.
- The subcutaneous layer provides mechanical cushioning, thermal barrier, and stores energy-producing chemicals.
TDDS Advantages
- Controlled delivery of therapeutic agents through skin into systematic circulation.
- Sustained delivery, maintaining efficacious plasma levels of drugs for 1-7 days or longer.
- Improved absolute bioavailability due to avoidance of first-pass hepatic and gastrointestinal metabolism.
- More convenient and improved patient compliant dosing regimen.
- Added value through increased efficacy and decreased toxicity compared to oral dosage forms.
- Suitable for potent drugs with improved bioavailability, reduced toxicity/side effects, and flexibility to terminate treatment.
TDDS Disadvantages
- Local irritation and contact dermatitis due to API or excipients.
- Skin's low permeability limits the number of deliverable drugs.
- Ideal drugs require adequate lipophilicity, while large hydrophilic molecules do not permeate easily.
- Molecular weight should be <500, with high lipophilicity (logP > 2) for effective permeation.
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Description
Learn about the importance, formulations, penetration enhancers, and novel approaches related to transdermal drug delivery systems. Understand the noninvasive drug delivery through the skin for both local and systemic effects.
