Indigenous Studies Research Principles and Roles

<p>Pre-contact period through early European contact (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain cultural practices and improve soil fertility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relevance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To act as intermediaries between the human and spirit worlds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They hold cultural significance and are tied to traditional practices. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They symbolize wealth, social status, and are used in potlatch ceremonies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A land region connecting Siberia and Alaska during the Ice Age. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To promote peace, unity, and governance among tribes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To critique and dismantle colonial narratives and systemic inequalities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cherokee (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Expansion of their territory and control over the fur trade (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fox people and the French (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They were greatly influenced by economic factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A group formed for raiding or war expeditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1712-1733 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Fox people’s resistance to French trade control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Northeastern United States and southeastern Canada (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased intertribal conflict and altered territorial control (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To unite Indigenous tribes against American expansion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It established colonial boundaries to prevent westward expansion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It encouraged Indigenous peoples to assimilate and lose their status (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It created Manitoba to resolve tensions following the Red River Rebellion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide military support during conflicts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Late 18th and early 19th centuries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It restored Indian status to women who lost it through marriage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To recognize and protect territorial integrity of Indigenous nations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assimilate Indigenous peoples into Canadian society (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To promote cultural assimilation into mainstream society (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He was an activist advocating for Indigenous rights. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It settled land disputes and aimed to integrate the area into Canada (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A leader famous for negotiating peace treaties during the Dakota War. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To engage in military and strategic movements affecting Indigenous territories. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They facilitated cultural exchange and integration of Indigenous practices. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Women regained their Indian status after losing it through marriage. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is used to confirm Métis identity and rights. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It displays a white infinity symbol on a blue field. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>She was a businesswoman involved in Métis resistance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The blended cultural heritage of the Métis people. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A loose-fitting cloak or cape. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promoting Métis rights and heritage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It signifies the unity of Indigenous and European cultures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Annie Bannatyne. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Her involvement in Métis rights and community efforts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leader in the Red River Rebellion and North-West Rebellion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Success for Métis forces defending their interests (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Over-hunting and environmental changes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A dynamic system of interactions supporting colonial expansion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red River Settlement, Manitoba (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Significant economic and social change (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Commander during the Battle of Seven Oaks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To encourage Indigenous people to adopt European lifestyles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reinforced government control and assimilation policies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cultural and familial support systems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Forcible assimilation targeting their distinct identity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To disconnect Indigenous people from traditions and identities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He is recognized as one of the most decorated Indigenous war veterans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Geographical isolation and cultural differences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intergenerational trauma and loss of cultural identity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Indigenous cultures of the Great Plains, known for their nomadic lifestyle relying on bison hunting and horse use after European introduction.

Indigenous cultures of the Pacific Northwest, emphasizing fishing, hunting, and trade, with strong communal life.

The practice of controlled burning by Indigenous people to manage landscapes, promote plant growth, and support animal habitats.

Indigenous burning aimed to manage ecosystems, enhance plant growth, support wildlife, maintain cultural practices, improve hunting, and increase soil fertility.

Disagreements in the field of archaeology about the timing of human arrival in the Americas, the routes, and evidence used to support the various theories.

Respect, Relevance, Reciprocity, and Responsibility in Indigenous research practices, ensuring ethical and beneficial interactions with Indigenous communities.

Kelp forests are vital marine ecosystems that hold cultural importance for Indigenous communities, providing food, habitat and spiritual connections.

Beringia was a land bridge connecting Siberia and Alaska, crucial for early Indigenous migration to the Americas.

Spiritual leaders/healers in Inuit and other Indigenous cultures, serving as intermediaries between the human and spirit worlds.

Valued ceremonial objects in the Pacific Northwest, representing wealth, status, and power, often used in potlatch ceremonies.

The Great Law of Peace of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy. A foundational constitution emphasizing peace and shared governance.

Indigenous groups like the Lakota, Cheyenne, and Comanche, reliant on both agriculture and hunting in the plains regions, traditionally.

Critiquing colonial narratives, dismantling oppressive systems, highlighting colonization's impacts, and building spaces for Indigenous knowledge systems.

A law passed in 1985 addressing gender discrimination in determining Indigenous identity. It restored status to Indigenous women who lost it after marrying non-Indigenous men and allowed for reclaiming of status.

A policy that offered Indigenous people Canadian citizenship and rights (like voting) in exchange for giving up their Indigenous status and rights. It aimed to assimilate Indigenous people into mainstream Canadian society.

A significant Indigenous leader and activist who advocated for Indigenous rights, working to address injustices faced by First Nations communities.

A leader of the Dakota people known for his leadership during times of conflict and negotiation with European settlers and the U.S. government, particularly during the Dakota War of 1862.

A British and French colonial policy in the late 18th century involving military movements and alliances. It affected Indigenous communities as they were drawn into the colonial struggles for control of territories.

To assimilate Indigenous people into Canadian society by encouraging them to give up their Indigenous status and rights. It aimed to weaken Indigenous communities and reduce their power.

It addressed gender discrimination in determining Indigenous identity by restoring status to Indigenous women who had lost it due to marriage and allowing individuals to reclaim their status.

He is a significant figure in Indigenous activism and leadership, advocating for Indigenous rights and working to address injustices faced by First Nations communities.

The theory that conflicts in 17th century northeast North America were driven by competition for the beaver fur trade, leading to Iroquois domination and reshaping of Indigenous alliances.

A type of Indigenous war party, especially among Algonquin-speaking tribes, often involved in raids or defense against colonial forces.

The French and their allied Indigenous groups, like the Illinois, fought against the Fox people (Meskwaki), primarily due to the Fox's resistance to French control of trade and land in the Wisconsin and Illinois region.

The Fox Wars occurred between 1712 and 1733.

The Fox people refused to submit to French control of trade and territory, defying their power and fighting for their autonomy, making the wars an act of Indigenous resistance against colonization.

The Iroquois Confederacy (Haudenosaunee) fought against various Indigenous tribes and colonial powers like the French and their allies throughout the 17th century.

The Iroquois Confederacy expanded their territory and control over the highly valuable fur trade throughout the 17th century.

The Iroquois War lasted from 1609 to 1701, impacting the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada.

Tecumseh was a Shawnee chief and a leader of a confederation of Indigenous tribes who fought against American expansion in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

Tecumseh aimed to protect Indigenous lands and sovereignty from American expansion and worked to create a unified Indigenous resistance to ensure their territorial integrity and autonomy.

The Royal Proclamation was a decree issued by King George III after the Seven Years' War, establishing rules for managing Indigenous lands and interactions between Indigenous nations and European settlers.

The Royal Proclamation aimed to stabilize relations after the British victory in the Seven Years' War by creating boundaries for colonial expansion, acknowledging Indigenous land rights, and laying the foundation for treaty-making.

This policy encouraged Indigenous people in Canada to voluntarily give up their status as 'Indians' in exchange for citizenship.

The Gradual Enfranchisement Act aimed to assimilate Indigenous people into Canadian society and weaken their collective rights and identities as Indigenous nations.

The Manitoba Act created the province of Manitoba in 1870 after the Red River Rebellion, aimed at resolving land disputes and addressing Métis land claims.

The Manitoba Act was a compromise to calm tensions after the Red River Rebellion and secure a loyal population for the new province, integrating the area into Canada.

The unique cultural identity of the Métis people formed through the intermarriage of European fur traders and Indigenous women. This blend of traditions, language, and ancestry makes the Métis a distinct Indigenous group in Canada.

The distinct language spoken by the Métis, which combines elements of French and Indigenous languages, primarily Cree. Michif is a testament to the cultural fusion that shaped the Métis identity.

A legal framework used to determine Métis identity in Canada. This test considers self-identification, historical connection to a Métis community, and acceptance by that community.

A traditional outer garment, similar to a cloak or cape, worn by Métis and Indigenous people. It signifies cultural identity and heritage, often featuring elaborate designs and materials.

The Métis flag features a white infinity symbol on a blue background, symbolizing the union of European and Indigenous cultures and the Métis' unique identity. The infinity symbol also represents their enduring presence and cultural continuity.

Annie Bannatyne was a prominent Métis woman who played a crucial role in supporting Métis rights and the Red River Rebellion. Her business acumen and dedication to her community made her a powerful advocate during this turbulent period.

Dorothy Chartrand dedicated her life to preserving and promoting Métis history and culture. Her vital work helped raise awareness of their heritage and struggles, contributing to the understanding of Métis identity.

Victoria Calihoo was a Métis woman known for her active participation in the Métis resistance and community building. Her involvement demonstrates the strength and resilience of Métis women in fighting for their rights and building a strong community.

A prominent Métis woman known for her community work and advocacy for Métis rights in the Red River Settlement during the 19th century. Her efforts shed light on the vital roles Métis women played in maintaining cultural and social structures during colonial times.

A prominent Métis political and spiritual leader, often referred to as the "Father of Manitoba." He led the Red River and North-West Rebellions to defend Métis rights and culture. Riel played a key role in establishing a temporary government and negotiating the terms of the Manitoba Act.

A decisive battle that occurred near present-day Winnipeg, Manitoba, in 1816. Métis forces under Cuthbert Grant successfully defended their territory and interests against the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) and settlers.

A major shift in the lives of the Métis and Indigenous people in the Great Plains region. The buffalo hunt, crucial for sustenance and resources, began to decline in the mid-19th century due to over-hunting, environmental changes, and westward expansion. This decline significantly impacted the Métis economy and way of life.

A complex and dynamic system of interactions that drives colonial expansion. It involves the displacement and marginalization of Indigenous peoples, the imposition of colonial governments, and assimilation attempts to erase Indigenous cultures. This creates tension, conflict, and a struggle for control over land and resources.

The decline of the buffalo hunt was driven by multiple factors, including over-hunting by commercial enterprises, environmental changes, and westward expansion by settlers. This forced Métis people to adapt to a new reality and rely more on European goods.

A government policy that aims to force Indigenous people to adopt European ways of life, culture, and values, ultimately erasing their own traditions.

A Canadian law designed to integrate Indigenous people into European society by encouraging them to adopt European ways of life, laying the foundation for future assimilation policies.

A Canadian law that extended government control over Indigenous lives and furthered assimilation practices by restricting Indigenous rights, traditions, and self-governance.

Government-funded, church-run institutions that forcibly removed Indigenous children from their families and communities to assimilate them into European society.

Strength that is rooted in resilience, community, and maintaining one's cultural identity, highlighting the importance of familial and cultural support systems in overcoming adversity.

While both Métis and Inuit were subjected to residential schools, their experiences differed, with Métis facing forced assimilation and Inuit facing challenges tied to geographical isolation and cultural differences.

A period in Canada during the 1960s when Indigenous children were removed from their families and placed in non-Indigenous homes, further contributing to the loss of culture and family connections.

A decorated Indigenous war veteran who served in World War II and the Korean War, Tommy Prince's story highlights the bravery and resilience of Indigenous people even while facing systemic discrimination.