40 Questions
According to L.T. Smith, what is the primary goal of critical politics of interpretation in research?
To ensure that research is done on, for, or with indigenous peoples
What is a key principle of indigenous research aligned with critical theory?
Focusing on performative issues of social justice
What is the consequence of not considering the eight questions posed by L.T. Smith?
Research may not benefit indigenous peoples
What is a characteristic of struggles, according to L.T. Smith?
They are local and contingent
What is a key aspect of research ethics for Māori and other indigenous communities?
Respect, humility, and caution
What is a commonality between indigenous research and critical theory?
They rest on antifoundational epistemologies
Who should conduct research about indigenous peoples, according to L.T. Smith?
Indigenous persons, exclusively
According to L.T. Smith, what is expected of researchers working with Māori?
To exhibit a willingness to listen, be humble, and be cautious
What is the purpose of L.T. Smith's eight questions?
To shape the moral space that aligns indigenous research with critical theory
What is envisioned for future human subject research practices?
Respect for human rights, informed consent, and no harm
What is a key feature of both indigenous research and critical theory?
Developing understandings of community, critique, resistance, struggle, and emancipation
What do indigenous ethical and moral models call into question?
The Western biomedical model of ethical inquiry
What is emphasized in a collaborative social science research model?
Personal accountability to those studied
What are the values stressed in a collaborative social science research model?
Caring, empathy, and individual expressiveness
What is the goal of a collaborative social science research model?
To align research ethics with a politics of the oppressed
What is the desired outcome of turning the tables on the neocolonizer?
To implement collaborative, participatory, and performative inquiry
What is the result of Western scientists' practices of discovering, extracting, appropriating, commodifying, and distributing knowledge about the indigenous other?
Control over research in the hands of the Western scholar
What is the main challenge of the decolonization project?
All of the above
What is the limitation of critical, interpretive performance theory and critical race theory in indigenous settings?
They perpetuate Western power
What is the problem with using critical theory's criteria for self-determination and empowerment in indigenous settings?
They perpetuate neocolonial sentiments
What is the limitation of using categories of race, gender, and racialized identities in indigenous settings?
They are essentialized and frozen
What is required for critical theory to be effective in indigenous settings?
It must be localized and grounded in indigenous meanings and traditions
What is the result of Western scientists' practices of discovering, extracting, appropriating, commodifying, and distributing knowledge about the indigenous other, according to Linda Smith?
They came, they saw, they named, they claimed
Who are the scholars who make it clear that critical, interpretive performance theory and critical race theory, without modification, will not work within indigenous settings?
G.Smith, L.T.Smith, Bishop, and others
Who wrote the book 'Pedagogy of Freedom: Ethics, Democracy, and Civic Courage'?
Paulo Freire
In which year was W.E.B. Du Bois' book 'The Problem of the 20th Century is the Problem of the Color Line' originally published?
1901
Which methodology involves collaboration and participation from all stakeholders, including those being researched?
Participatory action research
Who wrote the chapter 'Why Doesn't This Feel Empowering?'?
Ellsworth
What is the title of the handbook edited by N.K. Denzin and Y.S. Lincoln?
The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research
Which of the following is NOT a methodology?
Grammar
Who co-authored the chapter 'Rethinking Critical Pedagogy and the Gramscian Legacy'?
Fishman and McLaren
In which city was the book 'After Race: Racism after Multiculturalism' published?
New York
What is the central crisis in the world today, according to Native Canadian, Hawaiian, Māori, and American Indian pedagogy?
Spiritual crisis rooted in the relationship between human beings and nature
What is the significance of the concept of spirituality in Māori discourse, according to Linda Tuhiwai Smith?
It is a critical site of resistance for indigenous peoples
What is the essence of a person, according to Māori pedagogy?
A being with a genealogy traced back to an earth parent
What is the function of a respectful performance pedagogy?
To honor the views of spirituality in indigenous cultures
What is the outcome of the West's attempts to understand and control indigenous spirituality, according to Linda Tuhiwai Smith?
The West cannot decipher, understand, or control indigenous spirituality
What is the relationship between human beings and the rest of nature, according to Native Canadian, Hawaiian, Māori, and American Indian pedagogy?
Human beings have a virulent relationship with nature
What is the significance of place, land, and landscape in Māori discourse, according to Linda Tuhiwai Smith?
They are significant in the concept of spirituality and shared essence of life
What is the role of oppositional performance disciplines in creating radical utopian spaces?
They show us how to create radical utopian spaces within our public institutions
Study Notes
Colonial Power and Western Scientists
- Western scientists have historically exercised colonial power over indigenous people, discovering, extracting, and commodifying their knowledge.
- This has led to the marginalization of indigenous people, excluding them from discussions about research control, methodologies, and representations.
Decolonization Project
- The decolonization project aims to challenge Western power structures that perpetuate neocolonial sentiments and essentialize indigenous people.
- Critical theory, without modification, is not suitable for indigenous settings, as it perpetuates neocolonial sentiments and denies indigenous people a voice.
Critical Politics of Interpretation
- A critical politics of interpretation leads indigenous scholars to ask eight questions about any research project:
- What research do we want done?
- Whom is it for?
- What difference will it make?
- Who will carry it out?
- How do we want the research done?
- How will we know it is worthwhile?
- Who will own the research?
- Who will benefit?
- These questions must be answered in the affirmative, ensuring indigenous people conduct, own, and benefit from research about them.
Indigenous Research and Critical Theory
- Indigenous research and critical theory share antifoundational epistemologies and prioritize performative issues of gender, race, class, equity, and social justice.
- Both formations develop understandings of community, critique, resistance, struggle, and emancipation.
Spiritual Crisis
- The central crisis in the world today is spiritual, rooted in the increasingly virulent relationship between humans and nature.
- Indigenous peoples' concepts of spirituality, which were attempted to be destroyed and claimed by Christianity, represent critical sites of resistance.
Respectful Performance Pedagogy
- A respectful performance pedagogy honors indigenous views of spirituality, recognizing the significance of place, land, and landscape.
- Research ethics for indigenous communities extend beyond individual consent and confidentiality, requiring respect, humility, and a willingness to listen.
Turning the Tables on the Colonizers
- Indigenous ethical and moral models call into question Western models of ethical inquiry, outlining a radical ethical path for the future.
- They stress personal accountability, caring, and the sharing of emotionality, implementing collaborative, participatory performative inquiry.
Explore the key questions in indigenous research, critical theory, and the politics of interpretation. Learn about the importance of critical thinking in research projects and their impact.
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