Indian Freedom Struggle: Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movements
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Questions and Answers

What was the primary reason for the formation of the All India Khilafat Committee in 1919?

  • To unite Hindus and Muslims against the British government
  • To promote Muslim participation in mass movements
  • To support the Indian National Congress in its struggle for independence
  • To force the British Government to change its attitude towards Turkey (correct)
  • What was the demand of Indian Muslims regarding the Khalifa's control?

  • The Khalifa should be stripped of all powers
  • The Khalifa should be given more territories to control
  • The Khalifa's control over Muslim sacred places should be retained (correct)
  • The Khalifa's control over Muslim sacred places should be abolished
  • What was the immediate reason for the unification of Congress and the Muslim League during the mass movements of 1919-1922?

  • The Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh massacre
  • The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms and the economic hardships
  • The Khilafat issue and the demand for self-government (correct)
  • The Hunter Commission's report on Punjab atrocities
  • What event triggered Mahatma Gandhi's decision to launch Satyagraha and non-cooperation against the government?

    <p>The repressive measures of the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the All India Khilafat Conference held in Delhi in November 1919?

    <p>The boycott of British goods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the House of Lords' endorsement of General Dyer's action?

    <p>It strengthened the anti-British attitude in India</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Mahatma Gandhi's role in the Khilafat Movement?

    <p>He launched the Non-Cooperation Movement in support of the Khilafat issue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main reason for the Indian Muslims' support to the British government during World War I?

    <p>They wanted to protect the sacred places of the Ottoman Empire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms?

    <p>Introduction of Dyarchy in Indian provinces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Khilafat Movement?

    <p>To force the British Government to change its attitude towards Turkey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of World War I on the Indian economy?

    <p>Almost all sections of society suffered economic hardship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Khilafat Movement on the Indian National Congress?

    <p>It led to the Congress' support for the Khilafat issue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the allied powers' victory in World War I?

    <p>The Khalifa was removed from power and Turkey was dismembered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the Khilafat Movement take place?

    <p>1919-1924</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Khilafat issue in the Indian freedom struggle?

    <p>It united the Muslims and Hindus in their fight against British rule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the common factor behind the Khilafat and Non-Cooperation movements?

    <p>Adoption of a unified plan of action of non-violence and non-cooperation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mass Movements in India (1919-1922)

    • Two mass movements were organized to oppose British rule in India: Khilafat Movement and Non-Cooperation Movement
    • Both movements adopted a unified plan of action of non-violence and non-cooperation
    • This period saw the unification of Congress and the Muslim League, with joint political demonstrations

    Causes of the Movements

    • Government Hostilities:
      • Rowlatt Act, imposition of martial law in Punjab, and Jallianwalla Bagh massacre exposed the brutal face of British rule
      • Hunter Commission's investigation into Punjab atrocities was ineffective
      • House of Lords endorsed General Dyer's actions
    • Discontented Indians:
      • Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms failed to satisfy the demand for self-government
    • Economic Hardships:
      • Post-War economic situation was alarming, with rising prices, decreased production, and increased taxes and rents
      • Economic hardship strengthened anti-British sentiment across all sections of society

    Khilafat (Caliphate) Issue

    • Turkey's Alliance against British:
      • Sultan of Turkey was regarded as the spiritual leader (Khalifa) by Muslims worldwide, including in India
      • Turkey allied with Germany and Austria against the British during World War I
    • Discontented Indian Muslims:
      • Indian Muslims supported the government during World War I, expecting the Ottoman Empire's sacred places to remain under Khalifa's control
      • After the war, the Ottoman Empire was divided, Turkey was dismembered, and the Khalifa was removed from power
      • This angered Indian Muslims, who saw it as an insult to the Khalifa

    Khilafat Movement

    • Khilafat Committee:
      • Formed in early 1919 under the leadership of the Ali brothers, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Ajmal Khan, and Hasrat Mohani
      • Aims to force the British Government to change its attitude towards Turkey
    • Demands of Indian Muslims:
      • Khalifa's control over Muslim sacred places should be retained
      • Khalifa should be left with sufficient territories after territorial arrangements
    • Congress' Initial Stand:
      • Initially, Congress was not united on supporting the Khilafat movement with Satyagraha and non-cooperation
      • Later, Congress decided to support the movement, recognizing the opportunity to unite Hindus and Muslims and bring Muslim participation in mass movements
      • Muslim League also decided to support the Congress and its agitation on political questions

    Non-Cooperation Movement

    • Role of Mahatma Gandhi:
      • Began organizing peasants and laborers' protests against atrocities in Kheda, Champaran, and Ahmedabad
      • Non-Cooperation Movement was the beginning of the Gandhian Movement against the British

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