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Indian Independence Movement
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Indian Independence Movement

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Questions and Answers

What was a major consequence of British rule in India?

  • Economic prosperity
  • End to social evils like child marriage and sati
  • Promotion of Indian participation in government
  • Poverty, unemployment, and draining of India's wealth (correct)
  • What was the main goal of the Moderate phase of the Indian National Congress?

  • To promote Indian industries and self-reliance
  • To advocate for civil disobedience and radical methods
  • To negotiate with the British through petitions and meetings (correct)
  • To promote Western ideals of liberty and democracy
  • Who was the leader of the Non-Cooperation Movement?

  • Lala Lajpat Rai
  • Dadabhai Naoroji
  • Bal Gangadhar Tilak
  • Mahatma Gandhi (correct)
  • What was the primary goal of the Swadeshi movement?

    <p>To boycott British goods and promote Indian industries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Salt March in 1930?

    <p>It highlighted the movement's commitment to civil disobedience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key inspiration for the Indian Independence Movement?

    <p>Western ideals of liberty, equality, and democracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Indian Independence Movement

    Causes of the Movement

    • Economic exploitation: British rule led to poverty, unemployment, and draining of India's wealth.
    • Social reform: Indians sought an end to social evils like child marriage, sati, and untouchability.
    • Political awakening: Inspiration from Western ideals of liberty, equality, and democracy.
    • Nationalist sentiment: Pride in India's rich cultural heritage and desire for self-rule.

    Early Nationalist Phase (1885-1905)

    • Indian National Congress (INC): Founded in 1885 by A.O. Hume to promote Indian participation in government.
    • Moderate phase: Leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, and Mahadev Govind Ranade focused on petitions, meetings, and negotiations with the British.

    Extremist Phase (1905-1918)

    • Swadeshi movement: Boycott of British goods, promotion of Indian industries, and self-reliance.
    • Radical leaders: Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Bipin Chandra Pal advocated for more aggressive methods, including civil disobedience.

    Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922)

    • Mahatma Gandhi: Returned to India in 1915, popularized non-violent resistance, and led the Non-Cooperation Movement.
    • Salt March (1930): Gandhi's 24-day march to protest the salt tax, highlighting the movement's commitment to civil disobedience.

    Quit India Movement (1942-1944)

    • Gandhi's call to action: "Do or Die" speech, urging Indians to demand immediate independence from British rule.
    • Mass arrests and repression: British responded with force, arresting Gandhi and other leaders.

    Final Years of British Rule (1945-1947)

    • ** Transfer of power negotiations**: Indian leaders, including Gandhi, Nehru, and Jinnah, negotiated with the British for independence.
    • India's independence: August 15, 1947, India gained independence, with Jawaharlal Nehru hoisting the national flag.

    Causes of Indian Independence Movement

    • British rule led to poverty, unemployment, and draining of India's wealth, causing economic exploitation.
    • Indians sought to end social evils like child marriage, sati, and untouchability, driving social reform.
    • Inspiration from Western ideals of liberty, equality, and democracy sparked political awakening.
    • Pride in India's rich cultural heritage and desire for self-rule fueled nationalist sentiment.

    Early Nationalist Phase (1885-1905)

    • The Indian National Congress (INC) was founded in 1885 by A.O. Hume to promote Indian participation in government.
    • Leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, and Mahadev Govind Ranade focused on petitions, meetings, and negotiations with the British during the moderate phase.

    Extremist Phase (1905-1918)

    • The Swadeshi movement emerged, promoting the boycott of British goods and self-reliance.
    • Radical leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Bipin Chandra Pal advocated for more aggressive methods, including civil disobedience.

    Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922)

    • Mahatma Gandhi returned to India in 1915 and popularized non-violent resistance, leading the Non-Cooperation Movement.
    • Gandhi's 24-day Salt March in 1930 protested the salt tax, highlighting the movement's commitment to civil disobedience.

    Quit India Movement (1942-1944)

    • Gandhi's "Do or Die" speech in 1942 urged Indians to demand immediate independence from British rule.
    • The British responded with force, arresting Gandhi and other leaders, leading to mass arrests and repression.

    Final Years of British Rule (1945-1947)

    • Indian leaders, including Gandhi, Nehru, and Jinnah, negotiated with the British for independence.
    • India gained independence on August 15, 1947, with Jawaharlal Nehru hoisting the national flag.

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