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Questions and Answers
What was a critical moment in the Indian National Congress' journey according to the text?
Which event during the Second World War pressured Britain to grant independence to India?
What was one of the major impacts of the Indian National Congress on Indian society?
How did the INC contribute to inspiring other nations seeking liberation?
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Which individual played a primary role in successful negotiations with the British government during World War II?
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What aspect of early INC members' ideals continues to inspire millions of Indians today?
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Who became the President of the Indian National Congress in 1924?
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Where was the Indian National Congress formally established in December 1885?
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Which of the following individuals was NOT among the prominent leaders who first joined the INC?
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What was one of the primary aims of the INC when it was established?
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How did the INC evolve over time?
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Which event marked a pivotal moment in the history of the Indian National Congress?
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Study Notes
Indian National Congress: A Journey through History
The Indian National Congress (INC) is a political party with deep roots in India's struggle for independence from British rule. As one of the most influential organizations within this history, let's delve into its origins, key figures, and milestones that have shaped modern India.
Birth of the INC
In December 1885, during a meeting held by various Indian nationalists at Gokhale Hall in Bombay (now Mumbai), the INC was formally established. This organization aimed to advance discussions regarding constitutional reforms and initiate dialogue between Indians and their colonial rulers.
Early Leadership
Some of the prominent leaders who first joined the INC were Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee, Allan Octavian Hume, Dadabhai Naoroji, Pherozeshah Mehta, Surendranath Banerjeea, Dinshaw Edulji Wacha, Badruddin Tyabji, William Wedderburn, Henry Sewell, and Anand Mohan Bose. These individuals played significant roles in shaping the grassroots support for self-governance among ordinary citizens.
Growth and Evolution
Over time, the INC evolved into a mass movement comprised of diverse ethnicities, religious beliefs, linguistic groups, and social classes, all united under a common goal: freedom from foreign rule. One pivotal moment came when Mahatma Gandhi became President of the INC in 1924. By employing nonviolent civil disobedience campaigns – such as the 'Quit India Movement,' initiated in August 1942 – he rallied millions of Indians behind the cause.
Milestone Events
Several events throughout the INC's journey stand out as critical moments that propelled it toward eventual success:
- In June 1907, the INC split into two factions—the more moderate Moderates and the more radical Extremists. After some years, the parties reunited in 1916 largely due to Gandhi's efforts.
- From 1919 until 1934, the INC performed exceptionally well in elections, winning majorities across numerous provincial councils.
- During the Second World War, Britain faced mounting pressure from the United States to grant independence to India. Following successful negotiations led primarily by Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose, the British government agreed to transfer power to Indian hands.
Conclusion
From its humble beginnings in late Victorian era Britain to a powerful force leading the fight against oppressive colonialism, the INC has left a lasting impact on Indian society. Its commitment to peacefully achieving self-determination served as an exemplary model not only for future generations of Indians but also for countless nations seeking liberation from imperialist regimes. Today, while transformed into a secular democratic nation-state, the ideals espoused by early INC members continue to inspire millions of Indians who aspire to maintain unity amidst diversity.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the origins, key figures, and milestones of the Indian National Congress (INC), a pivotal organization in India's struggle for independence. Explore the birth of the INC in 1885, its early leadership, growth into a mass movement, pivotal events, and lasting impact on Indian society.
