18 Questions
What is a key reason highlighted in the text for studying Physical Pharmacy?
To be able to make rational decisions based on scientific principles
Which field of study is integrated in Physical Pharmacy according to the text?
Mathematics
What aspect does Physical Pharmacy primarily focus on, as mentioned in the text?
Exploring theories behind dosage form design
How does Physical Pharmacy contribute to pharmaceutical product understanding?
By elucidating the physical and chemical phenomena
What types of pharmaceutical products are mentioned as being covered by Physical Pharmacy studies?
Solutions, emulsions, and ophthalmic products
What does solubility solution refer to according to the text?
A homogeneous dispersion of solute in solvent
What is the unit of molarity?
mol L-1
According to the table provided, a substance requiring 1000 to 10000 parts of solvent for one part of solute is classified as:
Very slightly soluble
Which method is used for determining drug concentration after leaving the solution for equilibrium?
Filtration
What does molarity represent?
Number of moles of solute per 1 liter of solution
In which type of solubility study do we examine the concentration of a dissolved gas in equilibrium with the pure gas above the solution?
Solubility of gases in liquids
What is the primary factor that influences the solubility of gases in liquids?
Temperature
What does Henry's Law state about the concentration of dissolved gas?
It is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas.
How does the addition of electrolytes or non-electrolytes affect salting out?
It increases salting out.
What is the consequence of chemical reaction 12 in relation to gas solubility?
It decreases the solubility of gases like hydrogen chloride.
In a liquid-liquid system exhibiting partial miscibility, what happens when water and ether are mixed?
They form two separate layers each containing some of the other liquid.
What effect does high vapor pressure have on ethyl nitrate in a hot climate?
It enhances evaporation of ethyl nitrate.
What type of solution is formed when volatile oils are mixed with alcohol?
Hydroalcoholic solution
Study Notes
Solution and Solubility
- There are different ways to express solubility: % w/w (grams of solute / 100 grams of solution), % w/v (grams of solute / 100 ml of solution), and % v/v (milliliters of solute / 100 ml of solution)
- Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute per 1 liter of solution, with a unit of mol/L
- Molality is defined as the number of moles of solute per 1 kilogram of solvent
- Mole fraction is the ratio of the number of moles of solute to the total number of moles of solute and solvent
Pharmacopeia Classification of Solubility
- Very soluble: less than 1 part of solvent required for 1 part of solute
- Freely soluble: 1 to 10 parts of solvent required for 1 part of solute
- Soluble: 10 to 30 parts of solvent required for 1 part of solute
- Sparingly soluble: 30 to 100 parts of solvent required for 1 part of solute
- Slightly soluble: 100 to 1000 parts of solvent required for 1 part of solute
- Very slightly soluble: 1000 to 10000 parts of solvent required for 1 part of solute
- Practically insoluble: more than 10000 parts of solvent required for 1 part of solute
Determination of Solubility
- Excess drug is added to the solvent in a stoppered conical flask
- The mixture is shaken at a constant temperature for a specified period
- The mixture is left to equilibrate, then filtered, and the drug concentration is determined using a suitable method
Types of Solubility
- Solubility of gases in liquids
- Solubility of liquids in liquids
- Solubility of solids in liquids
Factors Affecting Solubility of Gases in Liquids
- Pressure: Henry's Law states that the concentration of dissolved gas is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the solution
- Temperature: the solubility of gases decreases as temperature increases
- Salting Out: the addition of electrolytes or non-electrolytes can affect solubility
- Chemical Reaction: chemical reactions can affect the solubility of gases in liquids
Solubility of Liquids in Liquids
- Complete Miscibility: two liquids mix in all proportions, forming one layer
- Partial Miscibility: two liquids mix, but two layers are formed, each containing some of the other liquid
Learn about the importance of studying Physical Pharmacy and how it plays a crucial role in understanding subsequent courses in pharmaceutical technology. Explore the fundamental aspects that Physical Pharmacy integrates into pharmacy education.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
