Importance of Studying Physical Pharmacy

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Questions and Answers

What is a key reason highlighted in the text for studying Physical Pharmacy?

To understand the mathematical principles of pharmacy

To learn about solubility solutions

To be able to make rational decisions based on scientific principles (correct)

To focus on the practical applications of pharmaceutical dosage forms

Which field of study is integrated in Physical Pharmacy according to the text?

History

Mathematics (correct)

Literature

Biology

What aspect does Physical Pharmacy primarily focus on, as mentioned in the text?

Understanding chemical reactions

Solving mathematical equations

Exploring theories behind dosage form design (correct)

Researching biological mechanisms

How does Physical Pharmacy contribute to pharmaceutical product understanding?

By elucidating the physical and chemical phenomena Signup and view all the answers

What types of pharmaceutical products are mentioned as being covered by Physical Pharmacy studies?

Solutions, emulsions, and ophthalmic products Signup and view all the answers

What does solubility solution refer to according to the text?

A homogeneous dispersion of solute in solvent Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of molarity?

mol L-1 Signup and view all the answers

According to the table provided, a substance requiring 1000 to 10000 parts of solvent for one part of solute is classified as:

Very slightly soluble Signup and view all the answers

Which method is used for determining drug concentration after leaving the solution for equilibrium?

Filtration Signup and view all the answers

What does molarity represent?

Number of moles of solute per 1 liter of solution Signup and view all the answers

In which type of solubility study do we examine the concentration of a dissolved gas in equilibrium with the pure gas above the solution?

Solubility of gases in liquids Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that influences the solubility of gases in liquids?

Temperature Signup and view all the answers

What does Henry's Law state about the concentration of dissolved gas?

It is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas. Signup and view all the answers

How does the addition of electrolytes or non-electrolytes affect salting out?

It increases salting out. Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of chemical reaction 12 in relation to gas solubility?

It decreases the solubility of gases like hydrogen chloride. Signup and view all the answers

In a liquid-liquid system exhibiting partial miscibility, what happens when water and ether are mixed?

They form two separate layers each containing some of the other liquid. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does high vapor pressure have on ethyl nitrate in a hot climate?

It enhances evaporation of ethyl nitrate. Signup and view all the answers

What type of solution is formed when volatile oils are mixed with alcohol?

Hydroalcoholic solution Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Solution and Solubility

There are different ways to express solubility: % w/w (grams of solute / 100 grams of solution), % w/v (grams of solute / 100 ml of solution), and % v/v (milliliters of solute / 100 ml of solution)
Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute per 1 liter of solution, with a unit of mol/L
Molality is defined as the number of moles of solute per 1 kilogram of solvent
Mole fraction is the ratio of the number of moles of solute to the total number of moles of solute and solvent

Pharmacopeia Classification of Solubility

Very soluble: less than 1 part of solvent required for 1 part of solute
Freely soluble: 1 to 10 parts of solvent required for 1 part of solute
Soluble: 10 to 30 parts of solvent required for 1 part of solute
Sparingly soluble: 30 to 100 parts of solvent required for 1 part of solute
Slightly soluble: 100 to 1000 parts of solvent required for 1 part of solute
Very slightly soluble: 1000 to 10000 parts of solvent required for 1 part of solute
Practically insoluble: more than 10000 parts of solvent required for 1 part of solute

Determination of Solubility

Excess drug is added to the solvent in a stoppered conical flask
The mixture is shaken at a constant temperature for a specified period
The mixture is left to equilibrate, then filtered, and the drug concentration is determined using a suitable method

Types of Solubility

Solubility of gases in liquids
Solubility of liquids in liquids
Solubility of solids in liquids

Factors Affecting Solubility of Gases in Liquids

Pressure: Henry's Law states that the concentration of dissolved gas is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the solution
Temperature: the solubility of gases decreases as temperature increases
Salting Out: the addition of electrolytes or non-electrolytes can affect solubility
Chemical Reaction: chemical reactions can affect the solubility of gases in liquids

Solubility of Liquids in Liquids

Complete Miscibility: two liquids mix in all proportions, forming one layer
Partial Miscibility: two liquids mix, but two layers are formed, each containing some of the other liquid

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Description

Learn about the importance of studying Physical Pharmacy and how it plays a crucial role in understanding subsequent courses in pharmaceutical technology. Explore the fundamental aspects that Physical Pharmacy integrates into pharmacy education.